Table 3.

Factors associated with interval development of type 2 diabetes or gestational diabetes in a subsequent pregnancy

Variable	Diabetes	No diabetes	p-Valuea	aOR	95% CI
Time between deliveries
< 18 months	60 (12.0)b	1,397 (11.9)	< 0.001	0.76	0.55–1.07
18–60 months	396 (79.0)	9,877 (84.0)		Ref
> 60 months	45 (9.0)	488 (4.2)		2.13	1.44–3.15
No gestational diabetes in the index pregnancy	290 (58.0)	11,580 (98.4)	< 0.001	Ref
Diet-controlled gestational diabetes in the index pregnancy	111 (22.2)	159 (1.4)		24.4	18.4–32.4
Medication-requiring gestational diabetes in the index pregnancy	99 (19.8)	24 (0.2)		113.4	70.4–182.7
BMI change
Lost > 2 kg/m2	60 (12.0)	1,042 (8.9)	0.003	1.17	0.83–1.63
Lost < 2 to gained < 2 kg/m2	357 (71.3)	9,183 (78.1)		Ref
Gained 2–4 kg/m2 or more	53 (10.6)	1,039 (8.8)		0.85	0.59–1.22
Gained 4 kg/m2 or more	31 (6.2)	498 (4.2)		1.09	0.68–1.75
Parityc
One	379 (75.7)	10,019 (85.2)	< 0.001	Ref
More than one	122 (24.4)	1,743 (14.8)		1.19	0.91–1.55
Maternal BMI (kg/m2)d	31.4 (28.0, 36.2)	28.5 (26.1, 31.8)	< 0.001	1.07	1.05–1.09
Maternal age (y)d	32.1 (28.7, 34.9)	31.5 (29.1, 33.8)	0.01	1.04	1.01–1.06
Maternal race
White non-Hispanic	235 (46.9)	8,268 (70.3)	< 0.001	Ref
Black non-Hispanic	44 (8.8)	724 (6.2)		1.21	0.79–1.85
Hispanic	157 (31.3)	2,051 (17.4)		1.98	1.72–3.41
Asian	65 (13.0)	719 (6.1)		2.42	1.51–2.60
N	500	11,763		12,263

Abbreviation: BMI, body mass index.

^aThe p-value for Wilcoxon’s rank-sum tests for continuous variables and chi-square tests for categorical variables.

^bData are presented as median (interquartile range) for continuous variable or N (%) for categorical variables.

^cMeasured at the time of subsequent delivery.

^dMeasured at the time of index delivery.