Table 3.
Demographic and obstetric characteristics by supermarket density
| SD quartile 1 (n = 602) |
SD quartile 2 (n = 600) |
SD quartile 3 (n = 584) |
SD quartile 4 (n = 608) |
p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Public insurance | 93 (17.3) | 139 (26.2) | 167 (32.2) | 246 (46.8) | <0.001 |
| Age (years) | 33.8 ± 5.4 | 33.9 ± 5.2 | 33.9 ± 5.1 | 33.7 ± 5.2 | 0.83 |
| Race/ethnicity | <0.001 | ||||
| Non-Hispanic white | 278 (57.9) | 219 (44.4) | 206 (42.2) | 109 (21.7) | |
| Non-Hispanic black | 47 (9.8) | 60 (12.2) | 62 (12.7) | 124 (24.7) | |
| Hispanic | 84 (17.5) | 127 (25.8) | 164 (33.6) | 188 (37.4) | |
| Asian | 71 (14.8) | 85 (17.2) | 54 (11.1) | 79 (15.7) | |
| Other | 0 | 2 (0.4) | 2 (0.4) | 3 (0.6) | |
| Non-English language | 23 (4.3) | 46 (8.6) | 50 (9.6) | 57 (10.7) | 0.001 |
| Married | 476 (82.6) | 442 (77.3) | 394 (70.6) | 351 (60.7) | <0.001 |
| Nulliparous | 288 (55.1) | 283 (54.6) | 261 (49.9) | 279 (52.1) | 0.30 |
| Gestational diabetes mellitus type | 0.90 | ||||
| Diet-controlled A1 | 441 (73.3) | 437 (72.8) | 430 (73.6) | 454 (74.7) | |
| Medication-managed A2 | 161 (26.7) | 163 (27.2) | 154 (26.4) | 154 (25.3) | |
| Body mass index at delivery (kg/m2) | 32.6 ± 7.3 | 32.5 ± 7.4 | 33.5 ± 9.3 | 34 ± 9.2 | 0.01 |
| Gestational age at delivery (weeks) | 38.1 ± 3.3 | 38.5 ± 2.3 | 38.2 ± 2.3 | 38.3 ± 2.6 | 0.05 |
| Cesarean delivery | 235 (39) | 229 (38.2) | 205 (35.1) | 210 (34.5) | 0.28 |
Abbreviation: SD, supermarket density.
Note: Data are presented as n (%) or as mean ± standard deviation.