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Frequencies of intraoperative bleeding in PDR groups (groups A–C) and techniques used for hemostasis. Ten cases with preoperative IVC in group A and B presented slight intraoperative bleeding and resolved spontaneously. However, different hemostatic techniques had to be adopted in 11 of the 12 cases without preoperative IVC in group C. Group A: IVC 7 days before PPV; Group B: IVC 14 days before PPV. IVC: Intravitreal injection of combercept; PDR: Proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
