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. 2020 Apr 29;6(18):eaba6112. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aba6112

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Copyright © 2020 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC).

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Fig. 1 — (Left) BSA-based protein hydrogels are fabricated using a light-activated reaction, in the presence of ammonium persulfate (APS) and tris(bipyridine) ruthenium(II) chloride [Ru(bpy)₃]²⁺. (Right) Following synthesis, the protein hydrogels are exposed to Zn²⁺ or Cu²⁺, which reversibly increases their stiffness by up to 17-fold. This stiffening effect can be used for shape programming.