Table 2. Imaging characteristics by heart failure classification.
| HFpEF n = 140 | HFrEF n = 46 | Controls n = 48 | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prior Chest Radiography | ||||
| Pulmonary oedema (%) | 97 (69) | 31 (67) | NA | 0.933 |
| Raised CTR (%) | 101 (72) | 35 (76) | NA | 0.362 |
| Pleural effusion (%) | 49 (35) | 21 (46) | NA | 0.138 |
| Echo* | ||||
| E/E’ | 13±6Δ | 15±5Δ* | 9±3 | <0.0001 |
| LA | ||||
| Overall including AF subjects | ||||
| LAVImax (ml/m2) | 43±19Δ | 45±15Δ | 30±7 | <0.0001 |
| LAVImin (ml/m2) | 30±19Δ | 33±16Δ | 17±5 | <0.0001 |
| LAEF (%) | 35±18Δ | 28±15Δ | 44±11 | <0.0001 |
| Sinus rhythm subjects only | ||||
| LAVImax (ml/m2) | 36±14Δ | 43±14Δ* | 30±7 | <0.0001 |
| LAVImin (ml/m2) | 21±12 | 29±12Δ* | 17±5 | <0.0001 |
| LAEF (%) | 44±14 | 32±12Δ* | 44±11 | <0.0001 |
| CMR | ||||
| LV | ||||
| LVEDVI (ml/m2) | 79±18 | 142±44Δ* | 81±14 | <0.0001 |
| LVESVI (ml/m2) | 35±10 | 106±44Δ* | 34±8 | <0.0001 |
| LVEF (%) | 56±5Δ | 28±9Δ* | 58±5 | <0.0001 |
| LVEDMI (g/m2) | 52±15Δ | 64±22Δ* | 46±9 | <0.0001 |
| LV mass/LV volume | 0.68±0.16Δ | 0.47±0.15Δ* | 0.57±0.09 | <0.0001 |
| RV | ||||
| RVEDVI (ml/m2) | 80±19 | 86±27 | 83±15 | 0.212 |
| RVESVI (ml/m2) | 37±14 | 53±33Δ* | 37±9 | <0.0001 |
| RVEF (%), median (range) | 54 (27–74) | 49 (20–72)Δ* | 55 (47–70) | <0.0001 |
| RV Dysfunction (%) | 25 (19)Δ | 21 (46)Δ* | 0 (0) | <0.0001 |
| LA | ||||
| Overall including AF subjects | ||||
| LAVImax (ml/m2) | 53±25Δ | 59±24Δ | 35±12 | <0.0001 |
| LAVImin (ml/m2) | 38±26Δ | 44±24Δ | 17± 8 | <0.0001 |
| LA reservoir volume indexed (ml/m2) | 15±7 | 15±7 | 17±6 | 0.087 |
| LA conduit volume indexed (ml/m2) | 29±9 | 23±9Δ* | 30±9 | <0.0001 |
| Dilated LA | 90 (64)Δ | 38 (83)Δ* | 15 (31) | <0.0001 |
| Sinus rhythm subjects only | ||||
| LAVImax (ml/m2) | 43±17Δ | 55±19Δ* | 35±12 | <0.0001 |
| LAVImin (ml/m2) | 26±13Δ | 38±18Δ* | 17±8 | <0.0001 |
| LA reservoir volume indexed (ml/m2) | 17±6 | 17±6 | 17±6 | 0.957 |
| LA conduit volume indexed (ml/m2) | 28±8 | 22±9Δ* | 30±9 | <0.0001 |
| LAEF (%) | 41 ± 12Δ | 33 ±12Δ* | 51 ± 11 | <0.0001 |
| Dilated LA | 48 (49)Δ | 29 (78)Δ* | 15 (31) | <0.0001 |
| LV Tissue characterization | ||||
| ECV (%) | 28±5Δ | 31±8Δ* | 25±3 | <0.0001 |
| iECV (ml/m2) | 13.7±4.4Δ | 18.1±7.1Δ* | 10.9±2.8 | <0.0001 |
| LGE positive (%) | 66 (47)Δ | 41 (89)Δ* | 5 (10) | <0.0001 |
| LGE positive–MI (%) | 23 (16)Δ | 26 (57)Δ* | 0 (0) | <0.0001 |
| If MI, size of infarct as % of LV mass | 3.0 (1.3–4.6) | 9.8 (4.2–20.6)* | NA | <0.0001 |
| LGE positive–non-MI | 49 (35)Δ | 19 (41)Δ | 5 (10) | <0.0001 |
| If non-MI, size of scar as % of LV mass | 2.9 (1.4–6.5) | 3.9 (2.2–7.7) | 2.4 (0.6–3.6) | 0.437 |
ΔP<0.05 HFpEF or HFrEF versus controls
*P<0.05 for HFpEF versus HFrEF
Values are mean ± SD or n (%). CTR = cardiothoracic ratio; ECV = extracellular volume; iECV = indexed ECV; LAEF = left atrial ejection fraction; LAVI = left atrial volume indexed to body surface area (maximal/minimal); LVEDMI = left ventricular end-diastolic mass indexed to body surface area; LVEDVI = left ventricular end-diastolic volume indexed to body surface area; MI = myocardial infarction; NA = not applicable; RVEF = right ventricular ejection fraction; RVEDVI = right ventricular end-diastolic volume indexed to body surface area