Table 3.
Family Environment Scores by Group
| Group Mean (SD) | NH vs. HA vs. CI ANOVA | NH vs. DHH t-test | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Family | ||||||||
| Environment | ||||||||
| Measure | NH | HA | CI | DHH (HA+CI) |
F | P | t | P |
| I. FES | ||||||||
| Achievement Or’n | 47.1 (14.6) | 47.0 (8.0) | 48.8 (8.5) | 47.9 (8.1) | F (2, 29) = .088 | p = .916 | t (28) = −.194 | p = .847 |
| Active- | ||||||||
| Recreational Or’n | 57.4 (10.2) | 49.3 (12.6) | 53.1 (13.0) | 51.2 (12.6) | F (2, 29) = 1.141 | p = .335 | t (28) = 1.346 | p = .189 |
| Control | 56.0 (11.2) | 56.7 (6.7) | 51.0 (8.5) | 53.9 (8.0) | F (2, 29) =1.193 | p = .319 | t (28) = .606 | p = .549 |
| Cohesion | 61.1 (8.5) | 52.6 (13.7) | 60.6 (6.2) | 56.6 (11.2) | F (2, 29) = 2.275 | p = .122 | t (28) = 1.119 | p = .273 |
| Conflict | 49.1 (10.5) | 47.0 (10.6) | 43.2 (8.4) | 45.1 (9.5) | F (2, 29) = .915 | p = .413 | t (28) = 1.050 | p = .303 |
| Expressiveness | 58.9 (10.0) | 55.8 (13.4) | 56.6 (7.0) | 56.2 (11.2) | F (2, 29) = .236 | p = .791 | t (28) = .677 | p = .504 |
| Independence | 47.4 (10.0) | 51.4 (9.1) | 49.8 (14.2) | 50.6 (11.6) | F (2, 29) = .316 | p = .732 | t (28) = −.742 | p = .464 |
| Intellectual- | ||||||||
| Cultural Or’n | 60.5 (2.6)* | 50.5 (10.1)* | 52.3 (10.0) | 51.4 (9.8) | F (2, 29) = 4.078 | p = .028 | t (28) = 2.854 | p = .008 |
| Moral-Religious | ||||||||
| Emphasis | 58.4 (15.0) | 61.5 (7.6) | 55.5 (10.4) | 58.5 (9.4) | F (2, 29) = .693 | p = .509 | t (28) = −.022 | p = .982 |
| Organization | 54.5 (11.9) | 53.2 (9.4) | 57.2 (7.7) | 55.2 (8.6) | F (2, 29) = .431 | p = .654 | t (28) = −.184 | p = .855 |
| II. HOME | ||||||||
| Total (% of possible) | 83.0 (8.4) | 77.0 (18.0) | 79.5 (8.6) | 45.1 (8.0) | F (2, 29) = .575 | p = .569 | t (28) = .993 | p = .329 |
| Responsivity (% of possible) | 82.1 (10.2) | 63.9 (14.3) | 90.0 (8.2) | 76.9 (17.6) | F (2, 29) = 14.369 | p < .001 | t (28) = .864 | p = .395 |
| Learning Materials (% of possible) Physical | 73.9 (19.9) | 65.0 (24.7) | 61.3 (17.1) | 63.1 (20.8) | F (2, 29) = .969 | p = .392 | t (28) = 1.353 | p = .187 |
| Environment (% of possible) | 90.0 (12.9) | 79.5 (24.5) | 95.0 (8.7) | 87.2 (19.6) | F (2, 29) = 2.237 | p = .126 | t (28) = .403 | p = .690 |
Note. FES = Family Environment Scale, Or’n = Orientation, HOME = Home Observation Measurement of the Environment
bold (p ≤ .05)