Table 3.

Panel cointegration test

Test statistics	Panel			Group
	Co2	Methane	Nitrous	Co2	Methane	Nitrous
v	− 1.078	1.024	− 1.135	–	–	–
Rho	1.466	− 6.41	1.064	2.812	− 3.954	1.963
t	1.599	− 8.708	0.6485	2.671	− 8.095	0.3466
adf	2.697	− 9.165	2.686	2.748	–	1.482

All test statistics are distributed N (0,1), under a null of no cointegration, and diverge to negative infinity (save for panel v)