Table 7.
Panel ARDL estimates of nitrous oxide model (1, 0, 0, 0) (The selection of optimal lag length is based on Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC))
| (LR) | (SR) | |
|---|---|---|
| Variables | PMG | PMG |
| ECT | − 0.431*** | |
| (0.166) | ||
| D (energy consumption) | − 0.00541 | |
| (0.0139) | ||
| D (gross domestic product) | 0.0388 | |
| (0.0256) | ||
| D (gross domestic product squared) | − 0.00199 | |
| (0.00159) | ||
| Trend | − 0.0235 | |
| (0.0508) | ||
| Energy consumption | 0.0198 | |
| (0.0612) | ||
| Gross domestic product | 0.0383 | |
| (0.0288) | ||
| Gross domestic product squared | − 0.00403* | |
| (0.00243) | ||
| Constant | 5.031 | |
| (3.651) |
Standard errors in parentheses
***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1