Table 2.

Snow cover, day length, temperature and NDVI values extracted at each location during spring (at one-day step length) and compared between days (from 10 days in the past to 10 days in the future), separately for each species.

Species (n = number of locations)	Dep. var.	Pred.	Est.	SE	z/t value	p value	ΔAIC	AIC Weight	LL
Snowy owl n = 67572	Snow cover	(Intercept)	1.70	0.51	3.35	<0.001	3461*	1.0	−30794
		Day	−0.10	0.00	−56.70	<0.001
	Day length	(Intercept)	15.44	0.37	41.64	<0.001	446*	1.0	−181330
		Day	0.05	0.00	21.21	<0.001
	Temperature	(Intercept)	0.82	1.23	0.67	0.51	4543*	1.0	−224904
		Day	0.30	0.00	68.57	<0.001
	NDVI	(Intercept)	−0.40	0.05	−7.70	<0.001	3420*	1.0	2472
		Day	0.01	0.00	59.25	<0.001
Rough-legged buzzard n = 133461	Snow cover	(Intercept)	−1.04	0.15	−7.00	<0.001	8186*	1.0	−72895
		Day	−0.10	0.00	−87.11	<0.001
	Daylength	(Intercept)	15.44	0.23	67.46	<0.001	501*	1.0	−366250
		Day	0.04	0.00	22.44	<0.001
	Temperature	(Intercept)	7.07	0.44	15.93	<0.001	6314*	1.0	−417478
		Day	0.20	0.00	80.43	<0.001
	NDVI	(Intercept)	−0.22	0.02	−11.16	<0.001	7321*	1.0	−42750
		Day	0.01	0.00	86.76	<0.001
Peregrine falcon n = 6575	Snow cover	(Intercept)	−3.90	1.08	−3.61	<0.001	134*	1.0	−899
		Day	−0.13	0.01	−10.90	<0.001
	Day length	(Intercept)	16.66	0.83	20.04	<0.001	185*	1.0	−14843
		Day	0.06	0.00	13.76	<0.001
	Temperature	(Intercept)	6.65	1.76	3.78	0.007	299*	1.0	−17929
		Day	0.13	0.01	17.56	<0.001
	NDVI	(Intercept)	0.13	0.21	0.63	0.55	107*	1.0	−1079
		Day	0.01	0.00	10.46	<0.001

Generalised linear mixed models (GLMM) with snow cover, day length, temperature and NDVI as dependent variables (each in a separate model), day as a predictor variable, and year nested in individual as a random effect. To evaluate the effect of the predictor, we compared a model with and without that predictor. Only the results of the full models are presented and those with ΔAIC > 2 are marked with *.