Table 1.
Normal | Mild abnormal | Severe abnormal | Death | group p-value |
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Patient number, n (%) | 47 (72) | 9 (14) | 6 (9) | 3 (5) | |
Gestational age in weeks, mean (SD) | 28.7 (2.2) | 29.2 (1.7) | 28.8 (2.9) | 26.0 (1.2) | 0.201 |
range | 24.6–32 | 26.3–31.3 | 25–31.7 | 24.9–27.3 | |
Sex male, % | 51% | 100% | 50% | 67% | 0.012 |
Twin | |||||
DCDA | 18 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0.24 |
MCDA | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | |
Birth weight in g, mean (SD) | 1266 (415) | 1256 (354) | 1152 (529) | 796 (72) | 0.278 |
range | 540–2540 | 760–1700 | 485–1730 | 750–880 | |
SGAa, n (%) | 3 (6) | 1 (11) | 2 (33) | 0 | 0.285 |
Laser therapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity, n (%) | 6 (13) | 1 (11) | 2 (33) | 2 (67) | 0.370 |
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasiab, n (%) | 7 (15) | 2 (22) | 3 (50) | 2 (67) | 0.020 |
Necrotizing enterocolitis ≥ Bell stage 2, n (%) | 2 (4) | 0 | 0 | 1 (33) | 0.824 |
Single Intestinal Perforation | 2 (4) | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Sepsisc, n (%) | 23 (49) | 5 (56) | 2 (33) | 3 (100) | 0.175 |
Patent ductus arteriosus treatment, n (%) | 12 (26) | 2 (22) | 2 (33) | 2 (67) | 0.511 |
Ventilatory support, days | |||||
Mechanical ventilation, mean (range) | 4.8 (0–35) | 3.7 (0–17) | 10.5 (0–34) | 20.3 (7–32) | 0.285 |
Non-invasive ventilation, mean (range) | 18.0 (0–63) | 23.0 (1–55) | 31.0 (3–87) | 45.0 (27–71) | 0.095 |
Cranial Ultrasoundd (%) | |||||
Normal | 32 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 0.013 |
Mild brain lesion (grade I-II) | 12 | 1 | 2 | 0 | |
Severe brain lesion | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | |
Other | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | |
Bayley Scale of Infant | |||||
Development-II | |||||
Mental mean (SD) | 105 (11) | 84 (8) | 66 (12) | / | <0.001 |
Motor mean (SD) | 106 (14) | 94 (15) | 62 (11) | / | <0.001 |
Values are expressed as n (%), mean and standard deviation (SD) or range. Tested with ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test for continuous data or χ2 Likehood ratio test for categorical data. Group 1 (normal): mental (MDI), motor (PDI) ≥ 85; Group 2 (mild abnormal): MDI or PDI 71–84; Group 3 (severe abnormal): MDI or PDI ≤ 70, cerebral palsy. p-values are listed for groups 1–2–3–4.
aSmall for gestational age (SGA) defined as birth weight <2 SDs below the mean for an infant’s gestational age.
bBronchopulmonary Dysplasia defined as requiring supplemental oxygen/ventilatory therapy at 36 weeks PMA. cSepsis: positive blood culture or highly suspected with antibiotic treatment >72 h.
dCranial ultrasound: Mild brain lesion = IVH grade I–II and/or PVL grade I; severe brain lesion = IVH grade III and/or PVH and/or PVL grade II–III. Other: isolated corpus callosum agenesis.