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. 2020 Apr 29;10:7288. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-64211-0

Table 1.

Combined demographic summary of D1 and D2. Normal outcome recordings from both datasets are combined in this table.

Normal Mild abnormal Severe abnormal Death group
p-value
Patient number, n (%) 47 (72) 9 (14) 6 (9) 3 (5)
Gestational age in weeks, mean (SD) 28.7 (2.2) 29.2 (1.7) 28.8 (2.9) 26.0 (1.2) 0.201
range 24.6–32 26.3–31.3 25–31.7 24.9–27.3
Sex male, % 51% 100% 50% 67% 0.012
Twin
DCDA 18 0 0 1 0.24
MCDA 4 3 1 0
Birth weight in g, mean (SD) 1266 (415) 1256 (354) 1152 (529) 796 (72) 0.278
range 540–2540 760–1700 485–1730 750–880
SGAa, n (%) 3 (6) 1 (11) 2 (33) 0 0.285
Laser therapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity, n (%) 6 (13) 1 (11) 2 (33) 2 (67) 0.370
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasiab, n (%) 7 (15) 2 (22) 3 (50) 2 (67) 0.020
Necrotizing enterocolitis ≥ Bell stage 2, n (%) 2 (4) 0 0 1 (33) 0.824
Single Intestinal Perforation 2 (4) 0 0 0
Sepsisc, n (%) 23 (49) 5 (56) 2 (33) 3 (100) 0.175
Patent ductus arteriosus treatment, n (%) 12 (26) 2 (22) 2 (33) 2 (67) 0.511
Ventilatory support, days
Mechanical ventilation, mean (range) 4.8 (0–35) 3.7 (0–17) 10.5 (0–34) 20.3 (7–32) 0.285
Non-invasive ventilation, mean (range) 18.0 (0–63) 23.0 (1–55) 31.0 (3–87) 45.0 (27–71) 0.095
Cranial Ultrasoundd (%)
Normal 32 7 1 1 0.013
Mild brain lesion (grade I-II) 12 1 2 0
Severe brain lesion 3 1 1 2
Other 0 0 2 0
Bayley Scale of Infant
Development-II
Mental mean (SD) 105 (11) 84 (8) 66 (12) / <0.001
Motor mean (SD) 106 (14) 94 (15) 62 (11) / <0.001

Values are expressed as n (%), mean and standard deviation (SD) or range. Tested with ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test for continuous data or χ2 Likehood ratio test for categorical data. Group 1 (normal): mental (MDI), motor (PDI) ≥ 85; Group 2 (mild abnormal): MDI or PDI 71–84; Group 3 (severe abnormal): MDI or PDI ≤ 70, cerebral palsy. p-values are listed for groups 1–2–3–4.

aSmall for gestational age (SGA) defined as birth weight <2 SDs below the mean for an infant’s gestational age.

bBronchopulmonary Dysplasia defined as requiring supplemental oxygen/ventilatory therapy at 36 weeks PMA. cSepsis: positive blood culture or highly suspected with antibiotic treatment >72 h.

dCranial ultrasound: Mild brain lesion = IVH grade I–II and/or PVL grade I; severe brain lesion = IVH grade III and/or PVH and/or PVL grade II–III. Other: isolated corpus callosum agenesis.