Table 2.
Forced peak inspiratory flow rates against different simulated internal resistances of dry powder inhalers.
| Variable | Internal resistance | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Med-high | Medium | Med-low | Low | |
| Age, years | ||||
| <65 | 68 (36–85) | 75.5 (44–95) | 84 (47–103) | 103.5 (62–128) |
| 65–70 | 63.5 (21–95) | 72 (25–103) | 80 (26–113) | 100 (34–150) |
| 70–75 | 64.5 (40–98) | 74.5 (46–90) | 86 (53–116) | 103.5 (66–128) |
| 75–80 | 57 (28–85) | 70 (38–86) | 75 (46–98) | 93 (58–135) |
| ≥80 | 58 (28–82) | 65.5 (35–83) | 76.5 (38–95) | 91.5 (43–115) |
| p value | 0.126 | 0.204 | 0.188 | 0.124 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | ||||
| <18.5 | 70.5 (52–79) | 76 (56–80) | 86 (69–95) | 104 (78–112) |
| 18.5–24 | 59 (21–88) | 66.5 (25–90) | 75 (26–101) | 95 (34–150) |
| 24–27 | 66 (28–95) | 72 (35–103) | 82.5 (38–113) | 102 (43–140) |
| ≥27 | 62 (34–98) | 74 (42–95) | 86 (51–116) | 103 (61–122) |
| p Value | 0.283 | 0.068 | 0.036 | 0.300 |
| Sex | ||||
| Man | 63 (21–98) | 71 (25–103) | 81 (26–116) | 98 (34–150) |
| Woman | 56 (28–74) | 60 (40–75) | 73 (46–88) | 89 (64–110) |
| p Value | 0.171 | 0.04 | 0.077 | 0.182 |
| mMRC | ||||
| Grade 0 | 46 (28–62) | 51.5 (40–76) | 57.5 (46–91) | 70 (64–113) |
| Grade 1 | 64 (28–98) | 72 (38–103) | 84 (40–116) | 97 (52–140) |
| Grade 2 | 60.5 (21–95) | 70 (25–95) | 78 (26–110) | 97 (34–135) |
| Grade 3 | 63 (34–88) | 70.5 (38–90) | 82 (46–103) | 102.5 (58–150) |
| p Value | 0.138 | 0.140 | 0.157 | 0.275 |
| COPD GOLD stage | ||||
| GOLD 1 | 62.5 (28–98) | 71.5 (38–90) | 82.5 (40–116) | 96.5 (52–135) |
| GOLD 2 | 61.5 (21–95) | 70 (25–103) | 78 (26–113) | 97 (34–140) |
| GOLD 3 | 62.5 (34–85) | 67.5 (38–86) | 79.5 (46–103) | 101 (58–122) |
| GOLD 4 | 70 (68–88) | 86 (74–90) | 98 (86–101) | 122 (103–150) |
| p Value | 0.348 | 0.184 | 0.378 | 0.083 |
| COPD GOLD group | ||||
| Group A | 62.5 (28–98) | 72 (40–90) | 85 (46–116) | 97 (64–135) |
| Group B | 61.5 (21–95) | 70 (25–103) | 78 (26–113) | 97 (34–140) |
| Group C | 60 (34–84) | 65 (38–86) | 70 (46–102) | 91 (58–122) |
| Group D | 63.5 (40–88) | 71 (44–90) | 82 (61–103) | 103 (68–150) |
| p Value | 0.758 | 0.736 | 0.638 | 0.400 |
Data presented as median (range).
GOLD: Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive; mMRC, modified medical research council.