Figure 2.

Possible outcomes from rAAV-mediated bNAb therapy. (A) In the scenario where rAAV-delivered bNAbs (blue arrow) are used to treat chronic infection, if the bNAb concentrations do not reach therapeutic levels, no viral suppression will be observed and viral escape from the bNAbs will be likely (left). However, therapeutic concentrations may suppress viremia and provide a functional cure for the individual (right). (B) In individuals treated with ART, low concentrations of rAAV-expressed bNAbs will likely result in viral rebound (left). High concentrations of bNAbs will maintain viral suppression after ART lift and provide a functional cure (right). (C) Should therapeutic concentrations maintain viral suppression after ART lift, LRAs (purple arrows) may be administered to stimulate replication (viral load blips) in latently infected cells and provide a target for bNAbs. If this approach is successful, a measurable decrease in the viral reservoir should be observed and eventually lead the individual to being cured of the HIV-1 infection.