. 2020 Apr 29;10:7268. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-64208-9

Table 3.

Concurrent criterion validity - Relationships between DSRS and clinical and radiological assessments at a variety of timepoints in trials of pharyngeal electrical stimulation. (Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient).

DSRS*	Measure	Outcome	Range of Values	Timing (weeks)	N	Median (IQR)	rs	P
STEPS⁹
Total score	DSRS	Dysphagia	0 to 12	0	154	7 (8)	—	—
				2	131	4 (5)	—	—
				13	106	1 (3)	—	—
	VFS-PAS	Aspiration	1 to 8	0	154	4.71 (3.66)	0.488	<0.001
				2	126	3.27 (3)	0.387	<0.001
				13	95	2.29 (2.93)	0.398	<0.001
	TOR-BSST	Swallowing	0 to 14	0	154	1 (3)	−0.167	0.038
				2	127	2 (10)	−0.459	<0.001
				13	103	6 (13)	−0.520	<0.001
	NIHSS	Impairment	0 to 42	0	150	9 (10)	0.020	0.81
				2	131	8 (10)	0.301	<0.001
				13	106	5 (8)	0.117	0.23
	BI	Disability	0 to 100	0	151	20 (40)	−0.279	0.001
				2	131	25 (60)	−0.517	<0.001
				13	106	65 (65)	−0.407	<0.001
	mRS	Dependency	0 to 5	0	151	4 (1)	0.179	0.028
				2	131	4 (2)	0.382	<0.001
				13	106	4 (2)	0.279	0.004
	EQ-VAS	QoL	0 to 100	13	87	58 (35)	−0.149	0.17
	EQ-5D-3L	QoL	−0.5 to 1.0	13	95	−0.04 (0.489)	−0.109	0.29
Fluids	VFS-PAS	Aspiration	1 to 8	0	154	4.71 (3.66)	0.498	<0.001
				2	126	3.27 (3)	0.374	<0.001
				13	95	2.29 (2.93)	0.362	<0.001
Diet				0	154	4.71 (3.66)	0.402	<0.001
				2	126	3.27 (3)	0.416	<0.001
				13	95	2.29 (2.93)	0.371	<0.001
Supervision				0	154	4.71 (3.66)	0.417	<0.001
				2	126	3.27 (3)	0.236	0.008
				13	95	2.29 (2.93)	0.343	0.001
Jayasekeran⁵
Total score	DSRS	Dysphagia	0 to 12	0	28	5.5 (11)	—	—
				2	28	2.5 (5)	—	—
	VFS-PAS	Aspiration	1 to 8	0	28	4.5 (3)	0.345	0.073
				2	28	4 (3)	0.146	0.46
	BI	Disability	0 to 20	0	28	6 (4)	−0.340	0.077
				2	28	14 (7)	−0.273	0.16
Vasant⁸
Total score	DSRS	Dysphagia	0 to 12	0	36	8 (8)	—	—
				2	34	3 (8)	—	—
				13	32	1 (3)	—	—
	VFS-PAS	Aspiration	1 to 8	0	18	3.50 (4)	0.551	0.018
				2	15	3 (2)	0.537	0.039
				13	10	1 (2)	0.159	0.66
	NIHSS	Impairment	0 to 42	0	36	11.50 (11)	0.142	0.41
				2	33	6 (7)	0.378	0.030
				13	26	4 (5)	0.301	0.14
	BI	Disability	0 to 100	0	36	21.50 (39)	−0.017	0.92
				2	34	37.50 (50)	−0.400	0.019
				13	27	65 (58)	−0.258	0.20
	mRS	Dependency	0 to 5	0	35	4 (1)	−0.030	0.86
				2	33	3 (2)	0.359	0.040
				13	27	2 (2)	0.311	0.11
PHAST-TRAC¹⁰
Total score	DSRS	Dysphagia	0 to 12	0	69	12 (0)	—	—
				0.3	60	10.5 (2.5)	—	—
				13	52	5.1 (5.2)	—	—
	FOIS	Dysphagia	1 to 7	0	69	1 (0)	ND	ND
				0.3	60	1.8 (1.3)	−0.955	<0.001
				13	52	4.3 (2.6)	−0.978	<0.001

*DSRS range is 0–12 for total score, and 0–4 for subscales.

BI: Barthel index; DSRS: dysphagia severity Rating scale; EQ-5D-3L/HUS: EuroQoL-5 dimension-3 level as health utility scale; EQ-VAS: EuroQoL-visual analogue scale; FOIS: functional oral intake scale; mRS: modified Rankin scale; NIHSS: National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; PAS: penetration aspiration scale³; Richmond agitation and sedation scale (RASS)²⁹; VFS: videofluoroscopy.

ND: Not done - all participants had DSRS = 12 and FOIS = 1 at baseline²⁷^.