. 2020 Apr 29;10:7268. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-64208-9

Table 4.

Predictive criterion validity - Relationships between DSRS at baseline with clinical and radiological assessments on or after treatment in trials of pharyngeal electrical stimulation. (Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient).

Trial	DSRS*	Measure	Outcome	Range of values	Timing (weeks)	N	Median (IQR)	rs	P
STEPS⁹	Total score	VFS-PAS	Aspiration	1 to 8	2	126	3.27 (3)	0.461	<0.001
					13	95	2.29 (2.93)	0.419	<0.001
		TOR-BSST	Swallowing	0 to 14	2	127	2 (10)	−0.252	0.004
					13	103	6 (13)	−0.131	0.19
		NIHSS	Impairment	0 to 42	2	132	8 (10)	0.094	0.28
					13	106	5 (8)	−0.010	0.92
		BI	Disability	0 to 100	2	132	25 (59)	−0.281	0.001
					13	107	65 (65)	−0.176	0.070
		mRS	Dependency	0 to 5	2	132	4 (2)	0.177	0.042
					13	110	4 (2)	0.048	0.62
		EQ-5D-3L	QoL	−0.5 to 1.0	13	95	−0.04 (0.489)	−0.075	0.47
		EQ-VAS	QoL	0 to 100	13	87	58 (35)	0.070	0.52
	Fluids^†	VFS-PAS	Aspiration	1 to 8	2	126	3.27 (3)	0.445	<0.001
					13	95	2.29 (2.93)	0.394	<0.001
	Diet^†				2	126	3.27 (3)	0.365	<0.001
					13	95	2.29 (2.93)	0.351	<0.001
	Supervision^†				2	126	3.27 (3)	0.388	0.001
					13	95	2.29 (2.93)	0.342	0.001
Jayasekeran⁵	Total score	VFS-PAS	Aspiration	1 to 8	2	28	4 (3)	−0.220	0.26
Jayasekeran⁵		BI	Disability	0 to 20	2	28	14 (7)	−0.303	0.12
Vasant⁸	Total score	VFS-PAS	Aspiration	1 to 8	2	16	3 (4)	−0.058	0.83
					13	11	1 (2)	−0.169	0.62
		NIHSS	Disability	0 to 42	2	33	6 (7)	0.245	0.17
					13	27	4 (4)	0.104	0.61
		BI	Disability	0 to 100	2	34	38 (50)	−0.242	0.17
					13	28	65 (56)	−0.113	0.57
		mRS	Dependency	0 to 5	2	33	3 (2)	0.098	0.59
					13	28	2 (2)	0.099	0.62

*DSRS range: 0–12 for total score; 0–4 for subscales.

^†Associations between post-treatment DSRS and outcome measures at subsequent timepoints.

BI: Barthel index; DSRS: dysphagia severity Rating scale; EQ-5D-3L/HUS: EuroQoL-5 dimension-3 level as health utility scale; EQ-VAS: EuroQoL-visual analogue scale; FOIS: functional oral intake scale; mRS: modified Rankin scale; NIHSS: National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; PAS: penetration aspiration scale; VFS: videofluoroscopy.