Table 1.

The mean weight, age, and sex of participants as well as number for each patient diagnosis is given, range in brackets. Data refers to samples analysed using lipidomics.

Characteristic	Discovery Cohort						Validation cohort
	Other Diseases (n = 57)		Bacteriologically confirmed TB (n = 22)		Clinically diagnosed TB (n = 33)		Bacteriologically confirmed TB (n = 14)		Clinically diagnosed TB (n = 22)
Age (years)	6.29 (0.7–14)		5.4 (0.4–13)		5.3 (0.3–12)		8 (1–15)		6.0 (1–13)
Sex	M	F	M	F	M	F	M	F	M	F
	29	28	7	15	15	18	7	7	11	11
Mean Weight53	18.8 (7–42)		18.7 (5.1–52.2)		16.9 (5.1–34.7)		32.4 (5.0–64.1)		23.5 (9.2–57.8)
Positive tuberculin skin test — no. (%)*	10 (18%)		14/21 (66%)		11 (33%)		11 (79%)		17 (77%)
Positive IGRA — no/total no. (%)	28 (49%)		13/15 (87%)		23/32 (72%)		11/12 (92%)**		16/21 (76%)**
Culture-positive TB — no. (%)	0		19 (86%)		0		14 (100%)		0
Sputum positive TB — no. (%)	0		4 (18%)		0		3/13 (23%)		0
Xpert MTB/RIF positive TB — no. (%)	0		10 (45%)		0		—		—
Direct referrals to paediatric TB clinic in The Gambia	18 (32%)		8 (36%)		8/32 (25%)		—		—
Identified as symptomatic through contact tracing in The Gambia	39 (68%)		14 (64%)		24/32 (75%)		—		—
Samples analysed by lipidomics ESI+ (total 112)	57/57		22/22		33/33		14/14		22/22
Samples analysed by lipidomics ESI− (total 112)	57/57		22/22		33/33		14/14		22/22
Samples analysed by NMR (total 95)	49/57		17/22		29/33		9/14		19/22
Samples analysed by HILIC (total 108)	56/57		21/22		31/33		13/14		22/22

*A positive result on the tuberculin skin test was defined according to guidelines from the World Health Organization as an induration of 10 mm or more.

**One result was indeterminate in the clinically diagnosed group and two in the bacteriologically-confirmed group.