FIGURE 1.

Schematic representation of the response of insect neuroendocrine system to cold stress. The role of certain compound can be multiple and tightly regulated by a number of feedback loops which actions add up to the effect of regulating these finely tuned processes. ILPs, Insulin like peptides; BA, Biogenic amines; JH, Juvenile hormone; NPFs, Neuropeptides F; AKH, Adipokinetic hormone; CAPA, capability peptide; MTs, Malpighian tubules; FB, Fat body; CT_min, critical thermal minimum; T_pref, preferred temperature; (+), increase; (−), decrease.