Table 1.
Characteristics of the total population and between orthostatic hypotension stratified by sex
| Characteristics | Total | Women (n = 547) | Men (n = 330) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OH+ | OH− | P valuea | OH+ | OH− | P valuea | ||
| (n = 882) | (n = 101) | (n = 446) | (n = 69) | (n = 261) | |||
| Age, years | 66.7 ± 8.5 | 66.4 ± 7.8 | 67.2 ± 8.9 | 0.394 | 67.8 ± 8.7 | 65.6 ± 7.9 | 0.051 |
| Education, years | 6.7 ± 4.3 | 5.4 ± 3.7 | 3.3 ± 4.2 | 0.036 | 6.8 ± 3.4 | 7.8 ± 4.6 | 0.092 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 265 (30.0) | 26 (25.7) | 93 (20.9) | 0.287 | 26 (37.7) | 118 (45.2) | 0.262 |
| Alcohol intake, n (%) | 309 (35.0) | 14 (14.1) | 84 (19.1) | 0.245 | 43 (62.3) | 165 (63.7) | 0.832 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.9 ± 5.4 | 27.3 ± 5.4 | 28.3 ± 5.7 | 0.094 | 25.5 ± 5.3 | 27.9 ± 4.9 | 0.001 |
| Total cholesterol levels, mg/dl | 164.6 ± 58.6 | 174.4 ± 58.9 | 173.1 ± 55.8 | 0.885 | 154.0 ± 52.9 | 150.2 ± 59.9 | 0.724 |
| Triacylglycerides levels, mg/dl | 186.3 ± 135.0 | 161.3 ± 78.3 | 172.9 ± 110.1 | 0.477 | 188.1 ± 129.0 | 208.9 ± 166.3 | 0.477 |
| Creatinine levels, mg/dl | 1.0 ± 0.4 | 0.9 ± 0.4 | 0.9 ± 0.3 | 0.731 | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 1.1 ± 0.4 | 0.401 |
| Hemoglobin levels, g/dl | 12.4 ± 1.7 | 12.0 ± 1.5 | 12.0 ± 1.5 | 0.695 | 12.9 ± 1.9 | 13.0 ± 1.7 | 0.758 |
| Hematocrit | 39.2 ± 4.0 | 38.0 ± 3.6 | 38.2 ± 3.4 | 0.567 | 40.3 ± 4.3 | 41.0 ± 4.41 | 0.241 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 164 (18.6) | 24 (23.8) | 76 (17.0) | 0.115 | 18 (26.1) | 46 (17.6) | 0.114 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 709 (80.4) | 92 (91.1) | 348 (78.0) | 0.003 | 51 (73.9) | 210 (80.5) | 0.234 |
| Treated, n (%) | 226 (25.6) | 28 (30.4) | 121 (34.9) | 0.424 | 16 (31.4) | 59 (28.2) | 0.657 |
| Controlled, n (%) | 24 (2.7) | 0 (0) | 14 (11.6) | 0.059 | 4 (25.0) | 5 (8.8) | 0.081 |
| SBP ≥ 140 mm Hg, n (%) | 677 (76.8) | 92 (91.1) | 332 (74.4) | 0.001 | 47 (68.1) | 202 (77.4) | 0.111 |
| DBP ≥ 90 mm Hg, n (%) | 296 (33.6) | 30 (29.7) | 131 (29.4) | 0.947 | 25 (36.2) | 108 (41.4) | 0.438 |
| PP, mm Hg | 79.1 ± 24.1 | 84.9 ± 20.9 | 81.2 ± 26.1 | 0.183 | 73.7 ± 21.2 | 74.8 ± 21.9 | 0.706 |
| PP ≥ 65 mm Hg, n (%) | 629 (71.3) | 89 (88.1) | 321 (72.0) | 0.001 | 45 (65.2) | 171 (65.5) | 0.963 |
| History of cardiovascular disease, n (%) | 231 (26.2) | 21 (20.8) | 116 (26.0) | 0.275 | 19 (27.5) | 74 (28.4) | 0.893 |
| History of Parkinson’s disease, n (%) | 6 (0.7) | 2 (2.0) | 2 (0.4) | 0.103 | 0 (0) | 2 (0.8) | 0.465 |
| Extrapyramidal symptoms, n (%) | 70 (7.9) | 6 (5.9) | 32 (7.2) | 0.656 | 8 (11.6) | 24 (9.2) | 0.556 |
| Dementia, n (%) | 80 (9.1) | 12 (11.9) | 46 (10.3) | 0.644 | 4 (5.8) | 18 (6.9) | 0.739 |
| Use of CNS medications, n (%) | 13 (1.5) | 3 (3.0) | 6 (1.3) | 0.248 | 1 (1.4) | 3 (1.2) | 0.845 |
Quantitative data is presented as mean and standard deviation (±) and qualitative data as frequencies and percentages. Diabetes is defined based on serum glucose levels ≥126 mg/dl, medication treatment or self-report; hypertension was a SBP or DBP ≥140/90 mm Hg or anti-hypertensive drug treatment intake. Bold text indicates a statistically significant difference with a P-value less than 0.05. Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CNS, central nervous system; OH, orthostatic hypotension; PP, pulse pressure.
a P value of the comparison of the baseline information between individuals with and without OH.