Table 3.
Characteristics of Groups After Propensity Matching
| Characteristic | Patients, No. (%)a | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Non-IA Group (n = 154186) | IA Group (n = 154081) | ||
| Demographic characteristics | |||
| Year of admission | |||
| 2010 | 39142 (25.4) | 38916 (25.3) | .98 |
| 2011 | 40225 (26.1) | 39930 (25.9) | |
| 2012 | 38025 (24.7) | 38385 (24.9) | |
| 2013 | 36795 (23.9) | 36850 (23.9) | |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 77720 (50.4) | 78357 (50.9) | .30 |
| Female | 76466 (49.6) | 75724 (49.1) | |
| Age, y | |||
| Mean (SD) | 62.9 (17.6) | 61.9 (16.7) | <.001 |
| Median (IQR) | 64 (52–77) | 64 (52–75) | .22 |
| Race | |||
| White | 99406 (64.5) | 100138 (65.0) | .84 |
| Black | 23817 (15.4) | 23552 (15.3) | |
| Hispanic | 12014 (7.8) | 12135 (7.9) | |
| Asian or Pacific Islander | 3900 (2.5) | 3884 (2.5) | |
| Native American | 647 (0.4) | 619 (0.4) | |
| Other | 4256 (2.8) | 4011 (2.6) | |
| Data missing | 10147 (6.6) | 9742 (6.3) | |
| Primary expected payer | |||
| Medicare | 88315 (57.3) | 87387 (56.7) | .80 |
| Medicaid | 20340 (13.2) | 20522 (13.3) | |
| Private | 36203 (23.5) | 36692 (23.8) | |
| Self-pay | 4364 (2.8) | 4597 (3.0) | |
| No charge | 535 (0.3) | 590 (0.4) | |
| Other | 4236 (2.7) | 4084 (2.7) | |
| Data missing | 193 (0.1) | 209 (0.1) | |
| Admission characteristics | |||
| Admission type | |||
| Emergency | 41796 (27.1) | 41451 (26.9) | <.001 |
| Urgent | 12866 (8.3) | 14962 (9.7) | |
| Elective | 14850 (9.6) | 11985 (7.8) | |
| Delivery | 964 (0.6) | 221 (0.1) | |
| Trauma center | <10b (0.0) | <10b (0.0) | |
| Other/data missing | 83701 (54.3) | 85457 (55.5) | |
| Emergency department service | 94055 (61.0) | 93046 (60.4) | .33 |
| Weekend admission | 32113 (20.8) | 31382 (20.4) | .17 |
| Clinical characteristics | |||
| High-risk conditions | |||
| Stem cell transplant | 4636 (3.0) | 5271 (3.4) | .26 |
| Solid organ transplant | 7576 (4.9) | 7698 (5.0) | |
| Critical illness | 63659 (41.3) | 63091 (40.9) | |
| Major surgery | 51254 (33.2) | 51560 (33.5) | |
| Severe immunocompromise | 13257 (8.6) | 12670 (8.2) | |
| Mild-to-moderate immunocompromise | 3889 (2.5) | 3848 (2.5) | |
| Otherc | 9915 (6.4) | 9942 (6.5) | |
| Elixhauser comorbid conditionsd | |||
| AIDS/HIV | 1329 (0.9) | 1149 (0.7) | .18 |
| Alcohol abuse | 6089 (3.9) | 6098 (4.0) | .96 |
| Blood loss anemia | 2460 (1.6) | 2294 (1.5) | .32 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 52134 (33.8) | 50602 (32.8) | .03 |
| Coagulopathy | 26132 (16.9) | 26009 (16.9) | .84 |
| Congestive heart failure | 27881 (18.1) | 27577 (17.9) | .58 |
| Deficiency anemia | 52785 (34.2) | 50137 (32.5) | <.001 |
| Depression | 19702 (12.8) | 19315 (12.5) | .39 |
| Diabetes, complicated | 34308 (22.3) | 34195 (22.2) | .87 |
| Diabetes, uncomplicated | 11614 (7.5) | 11401 (7.4) | .58 |
| Drug abuse | 6029 (3.9) | 5896 (3.8) | .61 |
| Fluid and electrolyte disorders | 81453 (52.8) | 80763 (52.4) | .41 |
| Hypertension | 75429 (48.9) | 75987 (49.3) | .41 |
| Hypothyroidism | 17144 (11.1) | 17080 (11.1) | .90 |
| Liver disease | 8788 (5.7) | 8651 (5.6) | .67 |
| Lymphoma | 4721 (3.1) | 4730 (3.1) | .96 |
| Metastatic cancer | 7464 (4.8) | 7394 (4.8) | .81 |
| Neurodegenerative disorders | 16022 (10.4) | 15868 (10.3) | .72 |
| Obesity | 15415 (10.0) | 15365 (10.0) | .92 |
| Paralysis | 8573 (5.6) | 8347 (5.4) | .47 |
| Peptic ulcer disease, no bleeding | 121 (0.1) |
116 (0.1) | .88 |
| Peripheral vascular disorders | 12270 (8.0) | 12416 (8.1) | .67 |
| Psychosis | 7446 (4.8) | 7593 (4.9) | .58 |
| Pulmonary circulation disorders | 11210 (7.3) | 10891 (7.1) | .34 |
| Renal failure | 34368 (22.3) | 33067 (21.5) | .02 |
| Rheumatoid arthritis/collagen vascular diseases | 6463 (4.2) | 6703 (4.4) | .36 |
| Solid tumor without metastasis | 6150 (4.0) | 6057 (3.9) | .72 |
| Valvular disease | 8289 (5.4) | 8123 (5.3) | .59 |
| Weight loss | 40301 (26.1) | 39803 (25.8) | .48 |
| Elixhauser comorbid conditions, total No. | |||
| Mean (SD) | 4.4 (2.5) | 4.3 (2.3) | .05 |
| Median (IQR) | 4 (3–6) | 4 (3–6) | |
| Discharge diagnoses, No. | |||
| Mean (SD) | 14.3 (6.6) | 17.5 (6.3) | <.001 |
| Median (IQR) | 14 (9–18) | 17 (13–23) | |
| Procedures, No. | |||
| Mean (SD) | 2.9 (3.2) | 4.5 (4.5) | <.001 |
| Median (IQR) | 2 (1–4) | 3 (1–6) | |
| Abdominal procedures/ operations | 6084 (3.9) | 6335 (4.1) | .32 |
| Hospital characteristics | |||
| Census region | .72 | ||
| Northeast | 28080 (18.2) | 28761 (18.7) | |
| Midwest | 31179 (20.2) | 31817 (20.7) | |
| West | 63478 (41.1) | 62151 (40.3) | |
| South | 31594 (20.5) | 31317 (20.3) | |
| Location/teaching status | |||
| Rural | 9817 (6.4) | 10152 (6.6) | .38 |
| Urban nonteaching | 53367 (34.6) | 52016 (33.8) | |
| Urban teaching | 91002 (59.0) | 91913 (59.7) | |
| Hospital size | |||
| Small (1–49 beds) | 16480 (10.7) | 15168 (9.8) | .10 |
| Medium (50–99 beds) | 32986 (21.4) | 32689 (21.2) | |
| Large (≥100 beds) | 104720 (67.9) | 106224 (68.9) | |
| Hospital IA caseload, %e | |||
| Mean (SD) | 0.3 (0.3) | 0.5 (0.8) | … |
| Median (IQR) | 0.2 (0.1–0.4) | 0.4 (0.2–0.6) | <.001 |
Since the distributions were non-normal, the appropriate comparison values are provided for the median but not the mean values.
Abbreviations: HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IA, invasive aspergillosis; IQR, interquartile range; SD, standard deviation.
aData represent No. (%) of patients unless otherwise specified.
bThe Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality prohibits reporting on <10 cases.
cIncludes pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and HIV infection.
dTotal adds up to >100% because it is possible to have >1 comorbid condition per discharge.
eFactor not matched on because it was defined based on the exposure of interest.