Table 2.
Factors Associated With Any High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Genotype at Baseline Study Visit
| Univariate | Multivariate | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | OR (95% CI) | P Value | OR (95% CI) | P Value |
| Study group | .02 | .03 | ||
| HIV uninfected | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | ||
| Perinatally HIV infected | 1.97 (1.11–3.50) | 2.02 (1.09–3.77) | ||
| Age (years) | .83 | |||
| 13–16 | 1.34 (0.52–3.43) | … | ||
| 17–19 | 1.12 (0.61–2.05) | … | ||
| 20–24 | 1 (ref) | … | ||
| Orphan status | .57 | |||
| Not an orphan | 1 (ref) | … | ||
| Maternal orphan | 1.79 (0.71–4.51) | … | ||
| Paternal orphan | 0.68 (0.29–1.56) | … | ||
| Double orphan | 2.07 (0.98–4.39) | … | ||
| Unknown | 0.21 (0.02–1.91) | … | ||
| Highest education | .55 | |||
| Primary school | 1 (ref) | … | ||
| Secondary school | 1.28 (0.50–3.27) | … | ||
| Beyond secondary school | 1.83 (0.58–5.76) | … | ||
| Condom use with vaginal sex in past 6 months | .45 | |||
| Always/no sex in past 6 months | 1 (ref) | … | ||
| Sometimes/never | 1.29 (0.67–2.49) | … | ||
| Employment/school status | .48 | |||
| In school | 1 (ref) | … | ||
| Working | 1.48 (0.78–2.82) | … | ||
| Neither | 1.27 (0.59–2.74) | … | ||
| Used alcohol in past 3 months | 1.03 (0.58–1.82) | .92 | … | |
| Smoked in past 3 months | 1.02 (0.42–2.43) | .97 | … | |
| Used other drugs in past 3 months | 1.91 (0.46–7.89) | .36 | … | |
| Lifetime number of sexual partners | <.001 | <.001 | ||
| 1 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) | ||
| ≥2 | 3.90 (2.09–7.28) | 3.46 (1.78–6.71) | ||
| Sexual partners in past 6 months | .28 | |||
| None | 1 (ref) | … | ||
| 1 | 0.73 (0.24–2.20) | … | ||
| ≥2 | 1.88 (0.39–9.01) | … | ||
| Ever had unsafe sex after using alcohol or other drugs | 1.59 (0.76–3.34) | .21 | … | |
| Ever been pregnant | 0.61 (0.34–1.09) | .09 | 0.61 (0.32–1.15) | .12 |
| Asymptomatic sexually transmitted infection at week 0 visit | 2.72 (1.38–5.36) | .003 | 1.99 (0.96–4.14) | .06 |
| HIV-specific covariates (perinatally HIV infected only) | ||||
| HIV-RNA >40 copies/mL | 1.77 (0.73–4.28) | .20 | … | |
| Current CD4 count (cells/mm3) | .31 | |||
| ≤350 | 1 (ref) | … | ||
| 351–500 | 0.48 (0.12–1.98) | … | ||
| >500 | 1.18 (0.40–3.50) | … | ||
| Nadir CD4 count (cells/mm3) | .25 | |||
| <200 | 1 (ref) | … | ||
| 201–500 | 0.51 (0.17–1.57) | … | ||
| >500 | 0.41 (0.13–1.22) | ... | ||
Human papillomavirus detected at cervix, vagina, and/or anus.
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; OR, odds ratio.