Table 2.

Associations of History of a Serious Fall Injury With Outcomes in the Year After Dialysis Start, Among U.S. Patients Aged 67–100 y Initiating Hemodialysis in 2010–2012

Health Outcome	Hazard ratio (95% CI) for outcomes in the year after dialysis start, by history of serious fall injury (yes vs no), adjusted* for:
	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4	Model 5
Serious fall injury	2.96 (2.72–3.22)	2.94 (2.71–3.20)	2.89 (2.66–3.15)	2.67 (2.44–2.94)	2.65 (2.41–2.91)
Hospitalization	1.22 (1.17–1.27)	1.20 (1.15–1.26)	1.16 (1.11–1.21)	1.11 (1.06–1.17)	1.11 (1.06–1.16)
Post-acute SNF utilization	1.66 (1.56–1.77)	1.62 (1.52–1.73)	1.47 (1.38–1.57)	1.38 (1.29–1.48)	1.40 (1.30–1.50)
Mortality	1.30 (1.22–1.39)	1.28 (1.20–1.37)	1.19 (1.12–1.27)	1.15 (1.07–1.24)	1.14 (1.06–1.22)

Note: SNF = Skilled nursing facility. N = 62,583 for all except post-acute SNF utilization (N = 54,331).

Model 1 = age, sex, race.

Model 2 = Model 1 + history of diabetes, history of stroke, and history of congestive heart failure.

Model 3 = Model 2 + functional impairment defined as yes vs. no, any of inability to walk, transfer, or independently carry out activities of daily living, or being institutionalized.

Model 4 = Model 3 + nephrology access defined as pre-ESRD nephrology care and inpatient dialysis start.

Model 5 = Model 4 + body mass index, categorized as underweight (<18.5), normal weight (18.5–24.9; referent), overweight (25.0–29.9), and obese (≥30.0).

*Demographics=Clinical=history of diabetes, history of stroke, and history of congestive heart failure.