Table 1.
Basic information of studies evaluated.
| Tool acronym | First author | Year | Place of origin | Sample size | Age (years) | Number of questions | Scale | Respondent | Timeframe | Reference has questionnaire | Steps fulfilled |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AIS (5) | Chung | 2011 | Hong Kong, China | 1,516 | 12–19 | 8 | three-point Likert | self | in the last month | no | 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,9 |
| setting : three schools with different levels of academic achievement | |||||||||||
| ASHS (6) | Storfer-Isser | 2013 | Boston, USA | 514 | 16–19 | 32 | six-point ordinal | self | in the past month | no | 1,2,6,7,8,9,10 |
| setting : Cleveland Children's Sleep and Health Study, a longitudinal, community-based urban cohort study | |||||||||||
| ASHS (7) | de Bruin | 2014 | Amsterdam, Netherlands | 186 normal and 112 insomnia | 12–19 | 28 | six-point rating | self | in the past month | yes | 1,2,8,9 |
| setting : a community sample of adolescents and a sample of adolescents with insomnia (registered through a website) | |||||||||||
| ASHS (8) | Chehri | 2017 | Basel, Switzerland | 1,013 | 12–19 | 24 | six-point rating | self | in the past month | no | 1,2,4,6,7,8,9,10 |
| setting : classroom – individual | |||||||||||
| ASHS (9) | Lin | 2018 | Qazvin, Iran | 389 | 14–18 | 24 | six-point rating | self | in the past month | no | 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 |
| setting : classroom – individual | |||||||||||
| ASQ (10) | Arroll | 2011 | Auckland, New Zealand | 36 | >15 | 30 | mixed | self | mixed | yes | 1,2,3,4,5,6,9 |
| setting : primary care patients | |||||||||||
| ASWS (11) | Sufrinko | 2015 | north Carolina, USA | 467 | 12–18 | 10 | self | no | 1,2,6,7,8,9,10 | ||
| setting : classroom – individual | |||||||||||
| ASWS (12) | Essner | 2015 | Seattle, USA | 491 | 12–18 | 28 | six-point Likert | self | previous month | no | 1,2,7,8,9 |
| setting : data were pooled from five research studies with heterogeneous samples of adolescents with nondisease-related chronic pain, sickle cell disease, traumatic brain injury, or depressive disorders, as well as adolescents who were otherwise healthy, from three sites in the Northwest and Midwestern United States. | |||||||||||
| BEARS (13) | Bastida-Pozuelo | 2016 | Murcia, Spain | 60 | 2–16 | 7 | yes/no | parent | no | 1,2,4,6,9 | |
| setting : first time visit at National Spanish Health Service's mental healthcare centre | |||||||||||
| BEDS (14) | Esbensen | 2017 | Ohio, USA | 30 | 6–17 | 28 | five-point Likert | parent | in last 6 months | no | 1,2,6,8,9 |
| setting : take-home questionnaires and sleep diary | |||||||||||
| BISQ (15) | Casanello | 2018 | Barcelona, Spain | 87 | 3–30 months | 14 | mixed | parent | yes | 1,2,4,5,6,8,9 | |
| setting : clinic based (self-report and follow-up interview) | |||||||||||
| BRIAN-K (16) | Berny | 2018 | Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil | 373 | 7–8 | 17 | three-point Likert | parent | in the last 15 days | yes | 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 |
| setting : classroom – individual | |||||||||||
| CAS-15 (17) | Goldstein | 2012 | New York, USA | 100 | 2–12 | 15 | mixed | clinician | yes | all steps except 10 | |
| setting : children referred to the pediatric otolaryngology outpatient offices for evaluation of snoring and suspected sleep disordered breathing | |||||||||||
| CBCL (18) | Becker | 2015 | Cincinnati, OH, USA | 383 | 6–18 | 7 sleep items | three-point Likert | parent/self | no | 1,2,6,8,9 | |
| setting : referred patients to tertiary-care pediatric hospital | |||||||||||
| CCTQ (19) | Dursun | 2015 | Erzurum, Turkey | 101 | 9–18 | 27 | mixed | parent | on work and free days | no | 1,2,6,8,9 |
| setting : sample from clinical (outpatient psychiatry) and community settings | |||||||||||
| CCTQ (20) | Ishihara | 2014 | Tokyo, Japan | 346 | 3–6 | 27 | mixed | parent | on work and free days | no | 1,2,6,8,9 |
| setting : mailed to parents via kindergartens | |||||||||||
| CCTQ (21) | Yeung | 2019 | Hong Kong, China | 555 | 7–11 | 27 | mixed | parent | no | 1,2,3,4,5,6,8,9 | |
| setting : five primary schools in the Hong Kong SAR | |||||||||||
| CRSP (22) | Cordts | 2016 | Kansas, USA | 155 | 9.82 | 62 | self | no | 1,2,6,7,9,10 | ||
| setting : take-home questionnaire/classroom group | |||||||||||
| CRSP (23) | Meltzer | 2013 | Denver, Colorado, USA | 456 | 8–12 | 60 | mixed | self | mixed | yes | 1,2,4,8,9,10 |
| setting: primary care pediatricians' offices, an outpatient pediatric sleep clinic, community flyers and advertisements, two independent Australian schools, two different pediatric sleep laboratories, and outpatient clinics or inpatient units of a children's hospital for oncology patients | |||||||||||
| CRSP (24) | Meltzer | 2014 | Denver, Colorado, USA | 570 | 13–18 | 76 | mixed | self | mixed | no | 1,2,4,7,8,9,10 |
| setting: from several studies: pediatric sleep clinics at two separate children's hospitals, outpatient clinics and inpatient units of a children's hospital for oncology patients, two independent Australian schools, an Internet based sample of adolescents, including those with asthma (categorized in clinic group) and those without asthma (categorized in community group) | |||||||||||
| CRSP (25) | Steur | 2019 | Amsterdam, Netherlands | n= 619 general n=34 clinic |
7–12 | 26 (total score on 23) | three-point | self | one week | no (English items listed) | 1,4,7,8,9,10,11 |
| setting : online data collection in cooperation with the Taylor Nelson Sofres Netherlands Institute for Public Opinion, an outpatient sleep clinic | |||||||||||
| CRSP-S (26) | Meltzer | 2012 | Denver, Colorado, USA | 388 | 8–12 | 5 | 5-point rating | self | no | 1,2,6,7,8,9,10 | |
| setting : primary care pediatrician's offices: the Sleep Clinic at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), through community flyers and advertisements in the Delaware Valley, through two independent schools in Adelaide, South Australia, while waiting for an overnight polysomnography at CHOP or the Children's Hospital of Alabama, or during outpatient clinic visits or on the inpatient unit at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital | |||||||||||
| CSAQ (27) | Chuang | 2016 | Taichung, Taiwan | 362 | 8–9 | 44 | four-point Likert | parent | no | all steps except 11 | |
| setting : elementary school | |||||||||||
| CSHQ (28) | Markovich | 2015 | Halifax, Canada | 30 | 6–12 | 45 (33 scored question) | three-point Likert | parent | in the previous week | no | 1,2,8,9 |
| setting : data were collected from two larger studies | |||||||||||
| CSHQ (29) | Dias | 2018 | Braga, Portugal | 299 | 2 weeks–12 months | 48 | four-point Likert | parent | mixed | yes | 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,9 |
| setting : women were contacted at the third trimester of pregnancy; send by email | |||||||||||
| CSHQ (30) | Ren | 2013 | Beijing, China | 912 | 6–12 | 33 | three-point Likert | parent | no | 1,2,6,7 | |
| setting : Parent meeting at primary and elementary students in Shenzhen | |||||||||||
| CSHQ (31) | Liu | 2014 | Chengdu, China | 3,324 | 3–6 | 33 | three-point Likert | parent | a typical week | no | 1,2,6,7,8,9,10 |
| setting : 21 mainland Chinese cities; take-home questionnaire | |||||||||||
| CSHQ (32) | Tan | 2018 | Shanghai, China | 171 | 4–5 | 33 | three-point and four-point Likert | parent | no | 1,2,6,7,8,9,10 | |
| setting : distributed at the schools; take-home questionnaire | |||||||||||
| CSHQ (33) | Waumans | 2010 | Amsterdam Netherlands | 1,502 | 5–12 | 33 | four-point Likert | parent | no | 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,10 | |
| setting : primary schools and daycare centers | |||||||||||
| CSHQ (34) | Steur | 2017 | Amsterdam Netherlands | 201 | 2–3 | 33 | three-point Likert | parent | 1-week | no | 1,2,4,6,7,8,10,11 |
| setting : online questionnaire via a Dutch market research agency | |||||||||||
| CSHQ (35) | Mavroudi | 2018 | Thessaloniki, Greece | 112 | 6–14 | 45 | four-point Likert | parent | a “common” recent week | no | 1,2,8,9 |
| setting : patients were ascertained sensitive to a variety of aeroallergens | |||||||||||
| CSHQ (36) | Johnson | 2016 | Florida USA | 310 (177+34+99) | 2–10 | 33 | a 1–3 rating + yes/no | parent | no | 1,2,6,7,8 | |
| setting : enrolled from three study sites : 24-week, multisite randomized controlled trial of parent training (PT) versus parent education; an 8-week randomized trial of a PT program; Autism Speaks Autism Treatment Network | |||||||||||
| CSHQ (37) | Sneddon | 2013 | Vancouver, BC, Canada | 105 | 2–5 | 33 | three-point Likert | mother | no | 1,2,6,7,8,9 | |
| setting : early intervention programs, outpatient mental health clinics; general community | |||||||||||
| CSHQ (short) (38) | Masakazu | 2017 | Tokyo, Japan | 178; 432; 330 | 6–12 | 19 | three-point rating | parent | a typical recent week | no | 1,2,3,4,5,6,8,9,10 |
| setting : different collection times/settings: elementary school; pediatric psychiatric hospital; community | |||||||||||
| CSHQ (39) | Schlarb | 2010 | Tübingen, Germany | 298;45 | 4–10 | 48 | three-point + yes/no | parent | no | 1,2,4,6,7,8,9 | |
| setting : community sample via schools, clinical sample | |||||||||||
| CSHQ (40) | Silva | 2014 | Lisbon, Portugal | 315 | 2–10 | 33 | three-point rating | parent | a recent more typical week | no | 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,9 |
| setting : community sample | |||||||||||
| CSHQ (41) | Lucas-de la Cruz | 2016 | Cuenca, Spain | 286 | 4–7 | 33 | three-point rating | parent | no | 1,2,4,6,7,8,9 | |
| setting : cross-over cluster randomized trial from 21 schools | |||||||||||
| CSHQ (42) | Fallahzadeh | 2015 | Kashan, Iran | 300 | 5–10 | 33 | three-point rating | parent | no | 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,9 | |
| setting : public and private schools | |||||||||||
| CSHQ (43) | Loureiro | 2013 | Lisbon, Portugal | 574 | 7–12 | 26 | three-point Likert | parent | no | 1,2,4,5,6,8,9 | |
| setting : community and clinical samples | |||||||||||
| CSHQ (short) (44) | Bonuck | 2017 | Boston, Masacheusettes | 151;218 | 4–10; 24–66 months | 23 | parent | no | 1,2,6,9 | ||
| setting : clinic sample data (two datatest were reused for this study: Owens (1997/8) and Goodlin-Jones (2003-5), respectively) | |||||||||||
| CSHQ (14) | Esbensen | 2017 | Cincinnati, OH, USA | 30 | 6–17 | 33 | three-point Likert | parent | no | 1,2,6,8,9 | |
| setting: community-based study in children with Down syndrome | |||||||||||
| CSM (45) | Jankowski | 2015 | Warsaw, Poland | 952 | 13–46 | 13 | mixed | self | yes | 1,2,4,6,8,9 | |
| setting : residents from Warsaw and Mielec districts | |||||||||||
| CSRQ (46) | Dewald | 2012 | Amsterdam Netherlands | 166; 236 | 12.2–16.5; 13.3–18.9 | 20 | ordinal response categories ranging from 1 to 3 | self | previous 2 weeks | no | 1,2,4,6,7,8,10 |
| setting : five high schools in and around Amsterdam and from five high schools in Adelaide and Outer Adelaide | |||||||||||
| CSRQ (47) | Dewald-Kaufmann | 2018 | Amsterdam Netherlands | 298 | 20 | ordinal response categories ranging from 1 to 3 | self | previous 2 weeks | no | 1,2,9,11 | |
| setting : participants were recruited from high schools around Amsterdam; referred to the Centre for Sleep–Wake Disorders and Chronobiology of Hospital Gelderse Vallei in Ede, the Netherlands; adolescents who received cognitive behavioural therapy for their sleep onset and maintenance problems (see de Bruin et al) | |||||||||||
| CSWS (48) | LeBourgeois | 2016 | Boulder, CO, USA | 161; 485; 751; 55;85 | 2–8 (different across studies) | 25 (different across studies) | four-point (different across studies) | parent | no | all steps except 11 | |
| setting : 5 studies with independent samples (different across studies) | |||||||||||
| DBAS (49) | Lang | 2017 | Basel, Switzerland | 864 | 17.9 | 16 | 10-point Likert | self | no | 1,2,4,6,7,8,9,10 | |
| setting : students in vocational education and training; in a classroom setting | |||||||||||
| DBAS (50) | Blunden | 2012 | Queensland Australia | 134 | 11–14 | 10 | mixed | self | no | 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 | |
| setting : From sleep education intervention | |||||||||||
| ESS (51) | Krishnamoorthy | 2019 | Puducherry, India | 789 | 10–19 | 8 | four-point Likert | self | no | all steps | |
| setting : villages of rural Puducherry, a union territory in South India | |||||||||||
| ESS (52) | Crabtree | 2019 | Memphis, Tennessee | 66 | 6–20 | 8 | four-point Likert | self | in various everyday situations | no | 1,2,8,9,11 |
| setting : children and young adults (ages 6 to 20 years) were assessed by the M-ESS after surgical resection, if performed, and before proton therapy | |||||||||||
| ESS-CHAD (53) | Janssen | 2017 | Victoria, Australia | 297 | 12–18 | 8 | four-point Likert | self | thinking of the last two weeks | no | 1,2,6,7,8,9,10 |
| setting : Part of a broader research project; schools in regional Victoria (qualtrics survey) | |||||||||||
| FoSI (54) | Brown | 2019 | Washington, DC, USA | 147 | 14–18 | 11 | five-point Likert | self | last month | no | 1,2,6,7,8,9,10 |
| setting : two school-based health centers in the Washington Metropolitan Area | |||||||||||
| I SLEEPY (55) | Kadmon | 2014 | Ontairo, Canada | 150 | 3–18 | 8 | yes/no | parent/self | yes | 1,2,4,5,6,9 | |
| setting : referred for evaluation at a pediatric sleep clinic | |||||||||||
| IF SLEEPY (55) | Kadmon | 2014 | Ontairo, Canada | 150 | 3–18 | 8 | yes/no | parent/self | yes | 1,2,4,5,6,9 | |
| setting : referred for evaluation at a pediatric sleep clinic | |||||||||||
| I'M SLEEPY (55) | Kadmon | 2014 | Ontairo, Canada | 150 | 3–18 | 8 | yes/no | parent/self | yes | 1,2,4,5,6,9 | |
| setting : referred for evaluation at a pediatric sleep clinic | |||||||||||
| ISI (5) | Chung | 2011 | Hong Kong, China | 1,516 | 12–19 | 8 | five-point Likert | self | in last 2 weeks | no | 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,9 |
| setting : three schools with different levels of academic achievement | |||||||||||
| ISI (56) | Kanstrup | 2014 | Solna, Sweden | 154 | 10–18 | 5 | five-point rating | self | past 2 weeks | no | 1,2,4,6,8,9 |
| setting : patients with chronic pain referred to a tertiary pain clinic upon first visit | |||||||||||
| ISI (57) | Gerber | 2016 | Basel, Switzerland | 1,475 adolescents, 862 university students and 533 adults | 11–16 | 7 | eight-point Likert | self | yes | 1,2,4,6,7,8,9,10 | |
| setting : 3 cross-sectional studies; via schools | |||||||||||
| JSQ (58) | Kuwada | 2018 | Osaka, Japan | 4,369; 100 | 6–12 | 38 | mixed (6 point intensity rating) | parent | no | 1,2,7,8,9,10,11 | |
| setting : 17 elementary schools; 2 pediatric sleep clinic | |||||||||||
|
JSQ (preschool) (59) |
Shimizu | 2014 | Osaka, Japan | 2,998;102 | 2–6 | 39 | six-point Likert | parent | no | 1,2,4,6,7,8,9,11 | |
| setting : private kindergarten, nursery school, and recipients of regular physical examinations at the age of 3 years; two pediatric sleep clinics | |||||||||||
| LSTCHQ (60) | Garmy | 2012 | Lund, Sweden | 116 child respondents; 44 parent respondents | 6–13 | 11 | mixed | parent/self | yes | 1,2,4,5,8,9 | |
| setting : school-based distriution | |||||||||||
| MCTQ (61) | Roenneberg | 2003 | Basel, Switzerland | 500 (142 being <21years) | 6–18 | ~9* | seven-point rating; mixed | self | free/work days | yes | 1,2,5,6 |
| setting : distributed in Germany and Switzerland in high schools, universities, and the general population. This paper was added because of its relevance despite being outside the timeframe of the current review | |||||||||||
| MEQ (62) | Cavallera | 2015 | Milan, Italy | 292 | 11–15 | 17 | self | no | 1,2,4,5,7,8,9 | ||
| setting : convenience school-based samples | |||||||||||
| (r)MEQ (63) | Danielsson | 2019 | Uppsala, Sweden | 671 | 16–26 | 5 | self | no | 1,2,6,7,8,9 | ||
| setting : selected randomly from the Swedish Population Register | |||||||||||
| aMEQ (64) | Rodrigues | 2016 | Aveiro district, Portugal | 300 | 12–14 | 19 | mixed | self | no | 1,2,4,5,6,8,9,11 | |
| setting: 80% public and 20% private schools from the district of Aveiro | |||||||||||
| aMEQ-R (65) | Rodrigues | 2019 | Aveiro district, Portugal | n1=300 (same 2016) n2= 217 |
12–14 | 10 | mixed | self | no | 1,2,4,5,6,8,9,11 | |
| setting: several schools of the Aveiro district | |||||||||||
| MESC (66) | Diaz-Morales | 2015 | Madrid, Spain | 5,387 | 10–16 | self | no | 1,2,4,6,7,8,9,10 | |||
| setting: public high schools in Madrid and the surrounding area | |||||||||||
| MESSi (67) | Demirhan | 2019 | Sakarya, Turkey | 1,076 | 14–47 | 15 | five-point Likert | self | yes | 1,4,5,7,8,9,10 | |
| setting: high school and university students | |||||||||||
| MESSi (68) | Weidenauer | 2019 | Tuebingen, Germany | 215 | 11–17 | 15 | five-point Likert | self | yes | 1,6,8,9,10 | |
| setting: three different gymnasia (highest stratification level of school teaching) in SW Germany, Baden-Wuerttemberg | |||||||||||
| My Sleep and I (69) | Rebelo-Pinto | 2014 | Lisbon, Portugal | 654 | 10–15 | 27 | five-point Likert | self | no | 1,2,3,4,7,8,9,10 | |
| setting: schools in Portugal part of project Sleep More to Read Better | |||||||||||
| My children's sleep' (69) | Rebelo-Pinto | 2014 | Lisbon, Portugal | 612 | 21–68 | 27 | five-point Likert | parent | no | 1,2,3,4,7,8,9,10 | |
| setting: schools in Portugal part of project Sleep More to Read Better | |||||||||||
| NARQoL-21 (70) | Chaplin | 2017 | Gothenburg, Sweden | 158 | 8–13; 15–17 | 21 | five-point Likert | self | no | all steps | |
| setting : patient and control group | |||||||||||
| NSD (71) | Yoshihara | 2011 | Tochigi, Japan | 40 | 6 months–6 years | 2 | parent | diary | yes | 1,2,3,4,5,6 | |
| setting : take home diary | |||||||||||
| NSS (72) | Ouyang | 2019 | Beijing, China | n=53 pediatric n= 69 adult | >8 years | 15 | no | 1, 2, 7, 8, 9 | |||
| setting : sleep lab | |||||||||||
| OSA Screening Questionnaire (73) | Sanders | 2015 | Southampton, UK | infancy to 6 years | 33 | parent | over a week | yes | 1,2,3,4,5,6,9 | ||
| setting : via a local Down syndrome parent support group | |||||||||||
| OSA-18 Questionnaire (74) | Huang | 2015 | Hsinchu, Taiwan | 163 | 6–12 | 18 | seven-point ordinal | parent | past 4 weeks | yes (English) | 1,2,4,7,8,9,10 |
| setting : via schools | |||||||||||
| OSA-18 Questionnaire (75) | Kang | 2014 | Taipei, Taiwan | 109 | 2–18 | 18 | seven-point ordinal | parent | yes | 1,2,4,6,8,9 | |
| setting : recruited from the respiratory, pediatric, psychiatric, and otolaryngologic clinics | |||||||||||
| OSA-18 Questionnaire (76) | Bannink | 2011 | Rotterdam, Netherlands | 119 patients; 162 (child);459 parent | 2–18 | 18; OSA-12 in children, OSA-18 in parents | seven-point ordinal | parent/self | yes | 1,2,4,6,8,9 | |
| setting : patients with syndromic craniosynostosis; convenience sample of parents | |||||||||||
| OSA-18 Questionnaire (77) | Mousailidis | 2014 | Athens, Greece | 141 | 3–18 | 18 | seven-point ordinal | parent | yes | 1,2,4,6,8,9 | |
| setting : children who were referred for overnight polysomnography at the Sleep Disorders Laboratory | |||||||||||
| OSA-18 Questionnaire (78) | Fernandes | 2013 | Guimarães, Portugal | 51 | 2–12 | 18 | seven-point ordinal | parent | past 4 weeks | yes (English) | 1,2,4,5,6,8,9 |
| setting : sleep clinic | |||||||||||
| OSA-18 Questionnaire (79) | Chiner | 2016 | Alicante, Spain | 60 | 2–14 | 18 | seven-point ordinal | parent | 4 weeks | yes | 1,2,4,6,7,8,9 |
| setting : children with suspected apnea-hypopnea syndrome were studied with polysomnography | |||||||||||
| OSA-5 Questionnaire (short) (80) | Soh | 2018 | Melbourne, Australia | 366 and 123 | 2–17.9 | 5 | four-point Likert | parent | past 4 weeks | yes | all steps except 11 |
| setting: Melbourne Children's Sleep Centre for polysomnography | |||||||||||
| OSD-6 QoL Questionnaire (81) | Lachanas | 2014 | Larissa, Greece | 91 | 3–15 | 6 | seven-point ordinal | parent | yes (Greek and English) | 1,2,4,5,6,8,9 | |
| setting : children undergoing polysomnography | |||||||||||
| oSDB and AT (82) | Links | 2017 | Baltimore, USA | 32 | 39 | three-point rating | parent | yes | 1,2,4,6,8,9 | ||
| setting : online Questionnaire | |||||||||||
| OSPQ (83) | Biggs | 2012 | Adelaide, Australia | 1,904 | 5–10 | 26 | four-point Likert | parent | last typical school week | no | 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,10,11 |
| setting : via 32 elementary schools in Adelaide | |||||||||||
| PADSS (84) | Arnulf | 2014 | Paris, France | 73; 98 | >15 | 17 | self | no | 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 | ||
| setting : patients with sleepwalking or sleep terror referred to the sleep disorder unit; controls | |||||||||||
| PDSS (85) | Felden | 2015 | Curitiba, Brazil | 90 | 10–17 | 8 | five-point Likert | self | yes | 1,2,4,5,8,9 | |
| setting : two private schools | |||||||||||
| PDSS (86) | Komada | 2016 | Tokyo, Japan | 492 | 11–16 | 8 | self | no | 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,9 | ||
| setting : one elementary school, one junior high school and one high school, located in suburbs of Japan | |||||||||||
| PDSS (87) | Bektas | 2015 | Izmir, Turkey | 522 | 5–11 | 8 | four-point Likert | self | no | 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 | |
| setting : students were in grade 5-11 | |||||||||||
| PDSS (88) | Ferrari Junior | 2018 | Florianópolis, SC, Brazil | 773 | 14–19 | 8 | five-point Likert | self | no | 1,7,8,9,10 | |
| setting : state schools of Paranaguá, Paraná | |||||||||||
| PDSS (89) | Randler | 2019 | Petrozavodsk, Russia | n1= 285 n2= 267 n3= 204 |
7–12 | 8 | five-point Likert | self | yes | 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 | |
| setting : Schools from six different settlements located in North-Western Russia (Murmansk region) participated in the study during our framework project "Sleep Health in Russian Arctic" | |||||||||||
| Pediatric Sleep CGIs (90) | Malow | 2016 | Nashville, USA | 20 | 5.3 | 14 | seven-point rating | parent | yes (link) | 1,2,4,5,6,9 | |
| setting : participants in a 12-week randomized trial of iron supplementation in children with autism spectrum disorders | |||||||||||
| PedsQL (fatigue scale) (91) | Al-Gamal | 2017 | Amman, Jordan | 70 | 5–18 | 18 | three- and five-point Likert | self | no | 1,2,4,5,6,8,9 | |
| setting : oncology outpatient clinic | |||||||||||
| PedsQL (fatigue scale) (92) | Qimeng | 2016 | Guangzhou, China | 125 | 2–4 | 18 | five-point Likert | parent | no | 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,9 | |
| setting : diagnosed to have acute leukemia for 1 month at the least | |||||||||||
| PedsQL(fatigue scale) (93) | Nascimento | 2014 | São Paolo, Brazil | 216; 42 children (8–12 years), 68 teenagers (13–18 years), and 106 caregivers (parents or guardians) | 8–18 | 18 | five-point Likert | parent/self | no | 1,2,4,6,7,8,9,10 | |
| setting : oncology inpatient and outpatient pediatric clinics | |||||||||||
| PISI (94) | Byars | 2017 | Cincinnati, OH, USA | 462 | 4–10 | 6 | six-point Likert | parent | yes | 1,2,4,6,7,8,9,10 | |
| setting : behavioral sleep medicine evaluation clinic | |||||||||||
| PNSSS (95) | Whiteside-Mansell | 2017 | Little Rock, Arkansas, USA | 72 | 1 week to 28 weeks | 14 | four-point scale | professional | no | 1,2,8 | |
| setting : a naturalistic study of participants enrolled in two home visitation support programs | |||||||||||
| PosaST (96) | Pires | 2018 | Porte Alegre, Brazil | 60 | 3–9 | 6 | five-point rating | self | yes | 1,2,4,5,8,9 | |
| setting : children undergoing polysomnography | |||||||||||
| PPPS (97) | Finimundi | 2012 | Porto Alegre, Brasil | 144 | 10–17 | mixed | five-point rating | self | no | 1,2,9 | |
| setting : adolescent students attending elementary school in two public schools in the state of Rio Grande do Sul (municipalities of Esteio and Farroupilha – great Porto Alegre, and Serra Gaúcha | |||||||||||
| P-RLS-SS (98) | Arbuckle | 2010 | Cheshire, United Kingdom | cognitive debriefing interviews with 21 of the same children/adolescents and 15 of their parents | 6–17 | 26 morning and 28 evening items | Wong and Baker pain faces scale | parent/self | no | 1,2,4,5,6 | |
| setting : four pediatric sleep disorders specialists | |||||||||||
| PROMIS (99) | van Kooten | 2016 | Amsterdam, Netherlands | 6 experts, 24 adolescents and 7 parents | 12–18 | 27 (PROMIS-SD), 16 (PROMIS-SRI) | through Computerized AdaPOINTive Testing | self/parent/expert | no | 1,2,9 | |
| setting : distributed to the adolescents in the classroom | |||||||||||
| PROMIS (100) | van Kooten | 2018 | Amsterdam, Netherlands | 1,046 | 11–19 | 27 (PROMIS- Sleep Disturbance), 16 (PROMIS- Sleep-Related Impairment) | Self | no | 1,2,6,7,9,10 | ||
| setting : online; schools from all educational levels and from different regions of the Netherlands | |||||||||||
| PROMIS (101) | Forrest | 2018 | Philadelphia, PA, USA | 1,104 children (8–17 years old) and 1,477 parents of children 5–17 years old | 5–17 | 43; the final item banks included 15 items for Sleep Disturbance and 13 for Sleep-Related Impairment | frequency-based (1: never, 2: almost never, 3: sometimes, 4: almost always, 5: always) | self/parent | 7-day | yes | 1,2,6,7,8,9,10 |
| setting : a convenience sample of children and parents recruited from a pediatric sleep clinic | |||||||||||
| PROMIS (102) | Bevans | 2019 | Philadelphia, PA, USA | 8 expert sleep clinician-researchers, 64 children ages 8–17 years, and 54 parents of children ages 5–17 years | children ages 8–17 and parents of children ages 5–17. | The final item pool contains 43 child-report items and 49 parent-report items | five-point Likert | Self/Parent | In the past 7 days | yes | 1,2,3,4,5,6,9 |
| setting : A preliminary child sleep health conceptual framework was generated based on the two PROMIS Adult Sleep Health item banks. Thereafter, the framework was refined based on expert and child and parent interviews | |||||||||||
| PSIS (103) | Smith | 2014 | Texas, USA | 155 | 3–5 | 12 | five-point Likert | parent | no | 1,2,6,8,9 | |
| setting : identified using a commercial mailing list and print advertisements distributed throughout local schools, daycares, community centers, and health care providers | |||||||||||
| PSQ (104) | Ishman | 2016 | Ohio, USA | 45 | 16.7 | 22 | yes/no/don't know | parent | no | 1,2,6,8 | |
| setting : teen-longitudinal assessment of bariatric surgery (Teen-LABS) participants at high-risk for obstructive sleep apnea | |||||||||||
| PSQ (105) | Yüksel | 2011 | Manisa, Turkey | 111 | 2–18 | 22 | yes/no and I don't know | parent | no | 1,2,4,5,6,8,9 | |
| setting : pediatric allergy and pulmonology outpatient department | |||||||||||
| PSQ (106) | Bertran | 2015 | Santiago, Chile | 83 | 0–15 | 22 | yes/no/don't know | parent | no | 1,2,6,7 | |
| setting: habitually snoring children referred for polysomnography | |||||||||||
| PSQ (107) | Hasniah | 2012 | Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia | 192;554 | 6–10 | 22 | "yes=1," "No=0," and "Don't know=Missing" | parent | no | 1,2,4,5,6,8,9 | |
| setting : part of the national epidemiological study of the prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing in Malaysian school children | |||||||||||
| PSQ (108) | Chan | 2012 | Hong Kong, China | 102 | 2–18 | 22 | yes/no/don't know | parent | no | 1,2,9,11 | |
| setting : underwent overnight sleep polysomnography studies for suspected OSA in the sleep laboratory | |||||||||||
| PSQ (109) | Ehsan | 2017 | Cincinatti, USA | 160 | 2–18 | 22 | yes/no/don't know | parent | no | 1,2,6,9 | |
| setting : using an existing clinical database encompassing all children referred to the Cincinnati Children's Hospital Sleep Center for polysomnography | |||||||||||
| PSQ (110) | Li | 2018 | Beijing, China | 9,198 | 3.0–14.4 | 22 | yes/no/don't know | parent | no | 1,2,6,7,8,9 | |
| setting : 11 kindergartens, 7 primary schools and 8 middle schools from 7 districts of Beijing, China | |||||||||||
| PSQ (111) | Longlalerng | 2018 | Chiang Mai, Thailand | 62 | 7–18 | 22 | yes/no/don't know | parent | no | 1,2,4,5,8,9 | |
| setting : clinic based retrieval classified as overweight or obese according to the International Obesity Task Force and diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea | |||||||||||
| PSQ (112) | Raman | 2016 | Ohio, USA | 636 | 4–25.5 | 36 | parent | yes | 1,2,4 | ||
| setting : patients scheduled for a sleep study | |||||||||||
| PSQ (113) | Certal | 2015 | Porto, Portugal | 180 | 4–12 | 22 | yes/no | self | yes | 1,2,4,5,6,8,9 | |
| setting : via schools north Portugal | |||||||||||
| PSQ (114) | Jordan | 2019 | Paris, France | 201 | 2–17 | 22 | "yes," "no" or "don't know," | parent | yes | 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 | |
| setting : admitted to the Odontology Center of the Rothschild Hospital (Assistance Publique e Hopitaux de Paris) | |||||||||||
| PSQI (115) | Passos | 2017 | Pernambuco, Brazil | 309 | 10–19 | 19 | 0–3 rating | self | no | 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 | |
| setting : subjects who engaged in amateur sports practice | |||||||||||
| PSQI (116) | Raniti | 2018 | Melbourne, Australia | 889 | 12.08–18.92 | 18 | four-point Likert scale | self | 1 month | no | 1,7,8,9,10 |
| setting : 14 Australian secondary schools | |||||||||||
| RLS (117) | Schomöller | 2019 | Potsdam, Germany | 33 (11 RLS) | 6–12 and 13–18 | 12 | mixed | self/parent | yes | 1,2,3,4,6,8,9 | |
| setting : with the support of medical somnologists, who recruited pediatric patients from their practice or sleep laboratories, newsletter announcements in the Restless Legs Association journal, and via local selfhelp groups. | |||||||||||
| SDIS (118) | Graef | 2019 | Cincinnati, Ohio | 392 | 2.5–18.99 | SDIS-C, 41 items, 2.5–10 years; SDIS-A, 46 items, 11–18 years | seven-point Likert scale | parent | no | 1,9 | |
| setting : Youth with insomnia, of whom 392 underwent clinically indicated diagnostic PSG within ± 6 months of SDIS screening | |||||||||||
| SDPC (119) | Daniel | 2016 | Philadelphia, USA | 20;6 | 3–12 | 41 | 0–4 rating | parent | Interview modelling | no | 1,2,4,6,9 |
| setting : parents of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and medical providers | |||||||||||
| SDSC (120) | Huang | 2014 | Guangzhou, China | 3,525 | 5–16 | 26 | five-point scale | parent | six months | no | 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11 |
| setting : selected from five primary schools in Shenyang | |||||||||||
| SDSC (121) | Putois | 2017 | Sierre, Switzerland | 447 | 4–16 | 25 | five-point scale | parent | six months | yes | 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11 |
| setting: schools; pediatric sleep clinic | |||||||||||
| SDSC (122) | Saffari | 2014 | Isfahan, Iran | 100 | 6–15 | 26 | five-point scale | parent | six months | no | 1,2,4,5,6,8,9 |
| setting: primary and secondary schools in Isfahan City, Iran | |||||||||||
| SDSC (14) | Esbensen | 2017 | Cincinnati, OH, USA | 30 | 6–17 | 26 | five-point scale | parent | 6 months | no | 1,2,6,8,9 |
| setting: part of a larger community-based study down syndrome sample | |||||||||||
| SDSC (123) | Cordts | 2019 | Portland, OR, USA | 69 | 3–17 | 26 | five-point Likert | parent | 6 months | no | 1,6,8,9 |
| setting: longitudinal pediatric neurocritical care programs at two tertiary academic medical centers within 3 months of hospital discharge | |||||||||||
| SDSC (124) | Mancini | 2019 | Western Australia, Australia | 307 | 4–17 | 26 | five-point Likert | parent | 6 months | no | 1,2,10 |
| setting: recruited via the Complex Attention and Hyperactivity Disorders Service (CAHDS), in Perth, Western Australia | |||||||||||
| SDSC* (125) | Moo-Estrella | 2018 | Yucatán, Mexico | 838 | 8–13 | 25 | number of days : 0 = 0 days, 1 = 1–2 days, 2 = 3–4 days, 3 = 5–6 days, and 4 = 7 days. | self | during the last week | no | 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 |
| setting : between the third and sixth grades of elementary school, recruited by convenience sampling | |||||||||||
| SHI (126) | Ozdemir | 2015 | Konya, Turkey | 106 patients with major depression; 200 volunteers recruited from community sample | 16–60 | 13 | Always, Frequently, Sometimes, Rarely, Never | self | no | 1,2,6,7,8,9,10 | |
| setting : university based retrieval | |||||||||||
| SHIP (127) | Rabner | 2017 | Boston, USA | 1,078 | 7–17 | 15 | three-point Likert | parent/self | no | 1,2,6,8,9 | |
| setting: parents and children each completed questionnaires individually within 1 week prior to the child's multidisciplinary headache clinic evaluation | |||||||||||
| Sleep Bruxism (128) | Restrepo | 2017 | Medellın, Colombia | 37 | 8–12 | 1 | yes/no | parent | 5-day diary | yes (English) | 1,2,4 |
| setting : recruited from the clinics at Universidad CES | |||||||||||
| SNAKE (129) | Blankenburg | 2013 | Datteln, Germany | 224 | <10 | 54 | 1–4 rating (mixed) | parent | yes (English) | all steps | |
| setting : children with severe psychomotor impairment; questionnaire-based, multicenter, cross-sectional survey | |||||||||||
| SQI (5) | Chung | 2011 | Hong Kong, China | 12–19 | 8 | three-point Likert | self | In past 3 months | no | 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 | |
| setting: three schools with different levels of academic achievement | |||||||||||
| SQ–SP (130) | Maas | 2011 | Maastricht, Netherlands | 345 | 1–66 | 45 | seven-point Likert | parent | last three months | yes | 1,2,6,7,8,9,10, |
| setting: individuals who consulted the sleep clinic for individuals with ID; individuals from a control group who attended a special day care center, special school or adult activity center for individuals with ID; participants of two published studies Maas et al., 2008, 2009); individuals who consulted a psychiatric clinic for children and adolescents with ID | |||||||||||
| SQS-SVQ (131) | Önder | 2016 | Sakarya, Turkey | 1,198 | 11–15 | 15* | self | yes | 1,2,4,7,8,9,10 | ||
| setting: an instrument adaptation study with different groups | |||||||||||
| SRSQ (132) | van Maanen | 2014 | AmsterdamNetherlands | 951;166;236;144;66 | 14.7 (mean) | 9 | three-point ordinal | self | previous 2 weeks | no | 1,2,6,8,9 |
| setting : various samples from the general and clinical populations; online and paper and pencil | |||||||||||
| SSR (133) | Orgilés | 2013 | Alicante, Spain | 1,228 | 8–12 | 26 | three-point | self | yes | 1,2,4,6,7,8,9,10 | |
| setting : 9 urban and suburban schools; per 20 in group | |||||||||||
| SSR (43) | Loureiro | 2013 | Lisbon, Portugal | 306 | 7–12 | 26 | three-point | self | no | 1,2,4,5,6,8,9 | |
| setting : community and clinical samples | |||||||||||
| SSSQ (134) | Yamakita | 2014 | Koshu, Japan | 58 | 9–12 | Please note your bedtime and wake time on both weekdays and weekends | self | log | no | 1,2,8,9 | |
| setting : a typical elementary school in Koshu City | |||||||||||
| STBUR (135) | Tait | 2013 | Michigan, USA | 337 | 2–14 | 5 | yes/no, and don't know | parent | yes | 1,2,3,4,6,7 | |
| setting : parents of children scheduled for surgery | |||||||||||
| STQ (136) | Tremaine | 2010 | Adelaide, Australia | 65 | 11–16 | 18 | time | self | no | 1,2,9 | |
| setting : 3 different private (independent) schools in South Australia | |||||||||||
| The Children's Sleep Comic (137) | Schwerdtle | 2012 | Landau, Germany | 201 | 5–10 | 37 | tick in applicable square | self | no (examples) | 1,2,4,9 | |
| setting : three primary schools in Germany (group) | |||||||||||
| The Children's Sleep Comic (138) | Schwerdtle | 2015 | Würzburg, Germany | 176;393 | 5–11 | 20 | tick in applicable square | parent/self | no (examples) | 1,2,3,4,6,8,9,11 | |
| setting : three primary schools in Germany (group) | |||||||||||
| TuCASA (139) | Leite | 2015 | São Paolo, Brazil | 62 | 4–11 | 13 | parent | yes | 1,2,4,8,9 | ||
| setting : sleep-disordered breathing diagnosed by polysomnography and controls | |||||||||||
| YSIS (140) | Liu | 2019 | Shandong Province, China | 11,626 | 15.0 ±1.5 | 8 | five-point Likert | self | past month | yes | 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11 |
| setting : Shandong Adolescent Behavior and Health Cohort, five middle and three high schools in three counties of Shandong Province, China | |||||||||||
Steps: 1: purpose; 2: research question; 3: response format; 4: generate items; 5: pilot; 6: item-analysis, nonresponse; 7: structure; 8 reliability; 9: validity; 10: confirmatory analyses; 11: standardize and develop norms