Table 2.
Overview of psychometric analyses performed.
| Tool acronym |
NPTA | in Spruyt et al | Sleep categories | Factor analysis | Reliability analyses | Validity analyses | Confirmatory analysis | ROC | Normative values or cutoffs | Clinical classification | Specific population |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AIS (5) | P | quality | structure | test-retest; internal | convergent/discriminant | yes; a total score ≥7 |
original AIS developed per ICD-10 | DSM-IV-TR diagnosis of insomnia by interview | |||
| ASHS (6) | P | yes | regularity, hygiene, ecology, | structure | internal | convergent/discriminant | confirmatory | ||||
| ASHS (7) | P | yes | regularity, hygiene, ecology, | test-retest, internal | construct; convergent/discriminant | insomnia per DSM-IV-TR | |||||
| ASHS (8) | PT (Farsi) |
yes | regularity, hygiene, ecology | structure | test-retest, internal | convergent/discriminant | confirmatory | ||||
| ASHS (9) | PT (Persian) | yes | regularity, hygiene, ecology | structure | test-retest, internal | content; construct | confirmatory | ||||
| ASQ (10) | N | quality, sleepiness | face | ICSD | |||||||
| ASWS (11) | P | yes | quantity, hygiene | structure | internal | content; construct | confirmatory | ||||
| ASWS (12) | P | yes | quantity, hygiene | structure | internal | construct | |||||
| BEARS (13) | PT (Spanish) | yes | quantity, quality, sleepiness | criterion | ICD-10 diagnoses assigned to these children, prior to the commencement of the parent group intervention were: F90, F98.2, F93.3, F80.1, F93.0, Z62 |
||||||
| BEDS (14) | A | yes | quantity, quality, hygiene, ecology | test-retest; internal | construct; convergent/discriminant | Down syndrome | |||||
| BISQ (15) | T (Spanish) | yes | quantity, hygiene | test-retest; interrater/observer | content; construct | ||||||
| BRIAN-K (16) | N | regularity, hygiene, | structure | internal | content; construct | ||||||
| CAS-15 (17) | P | quality | structure | test-retest; internal; interrater/observer | construct; criterion; convergent/discriminant | yes; a score ≥32 | |||||
| CBCL (18) | P | yes | quantity, quality,sleepiness | test-retest | convergent/discriminant | patients were diagnosed with sleep disorders according to ICSD-2 | |||||
| CCTQ (19) | T (Turkish) | quantity, regularity | internal | content | |||||||
| CCTQ (20) | P | quantity, regularity | test-retest; internal | criterion | |||||||
| CCTQ (21) | PT (Chinese) | quantity, regularity | test-retest. internal | content; construct | |||||||
| CRSP (22) | P | quantity, quality, sleepiness, hygiene | structure | content; construct | confirmatory | ||||||
| CRSP (23) | N | quantity, quality, sleepiness, hygiene | internal | construct; criterion; convergent/discriminant | |||||||
| CRSP (24) | P | quantity, quality, sleepiness, hygiene | structure | test-retest; internal | construct; criterion; convergent/discriminant | confirmatory | |||||
| CRSP (25) | PT | quantity, quality, sleepiness, hygiene | structure | internal | convergent/discriminant | confirmatory | mean (SD)/n(%) | ||||
| CRSP-S (26) | P | sleepiness | structure | test-retest; internal | construct; convergent/discriminant | confirmatory | |||||
| CSAQ (27) | N | quantity, quality, sleepiness | structure | test-retest; internal; interrater/observer | content; construct; convergent/discriminant | ||||||
| CSHQ (28) | P | quantity, quality, regularity, sleepiness, hygiene, ecology | test-retest | construct; criterion | original was designed to identify sleep problems based on ICSD-1 | ||||||
| CSHQ (29) | AT (Portuguese) | quantity, quality, regularity, sleepiness, hygiene, ecology | structure | test-retest; internal | convergent/discriminant | original was designed to identify sleep problems based on ICSD-1 | |||||
| CSHQ (30) | P | quantity, quality, regularity, sleepiness, hygiene, ecology | structure | original was designed to identify sleep problems based on ICSD-1 | |||||||
| CSHQ (31) | P | quantity, quality, regularity, sleepiness, hygiene, ecology | structure | test-retest; internal | content; construct | confirmatory | original was designed to identify sleep problems based on ICSD-1 | ||||
| CSHQ (32) | P | quantity, quality, regularity, sleepiness, hygiene, ecology | structure | internal | content; construct | confirmatory | original was designed to identify sleep problems based on ICSD-1 | ||||
| CSHQ (33) | T (Dutch) | quantity, quality, regularity, sleepiness, hygiene, ecology | structure | test-retest; internal; interrater/observer | confirmatory | original was designed to identify sleep problems based on ICSD-1 | |||||
| CSHQ (34) | T (Dutch) | quantity, quality, regularity, sleepiness, hygiene, ecology | structure | internal | confirmatory | a mean total CSHQ score of 41.9±5.6 | original was designed to identify sleep problems based on ICSD-1 | ||||
| CSHQ (35) | A | quantity, quality, regularity, sleepiness, hygiene, ecology | internal | convergent/discriminant | original was designed to identify sleep problems based on ICSD-1 | allergic rhinitis | |||||
| CSHQ (36) | A | quantity, quality, regularity, sleepiness, hygiene, ecology | structure | internal | original was designed to identify sleep problems based on ICSD-1 | autism spectrum disorder | |||||
| CSHQ (37) | P | quantity, quality, regularity, sleepiness, hygiene, ecology | structure | internal | criterion | original was designed to identify sleep problems based on ICSD-1 | |||||
|
CSHQ (short) (38) |
A | quantity, quality, regularity, sleepiness, hygiene, ecology | internal | convergent/discriminant | confirmatory | yes; a total CSHQ score of ≥ 24 | original was designed to identify sleep problems based on ICSD-1 | clinical samples diagnoses based on the DSM-IV: pervasive developmental disorders, attention-deficit and disruptive behavior disorders, anxiety disorders; depressive disorders, and others and also without psychiatric disorder |
|||
| CSHQ (39) | PT (German) | quantity, quality, regularity, sleepiness, hygiene, ecology | structure | test-retest; internal | content | yes; per subscale provided | original was designed to identify sleep problems based on ICSD-1 | sleep disorders per ICSD II | |||
| CSHQ (40) | T (Portuguese) | quantity, quality, regularity, sleepiness, hygiene, ecology | structure | test-retest; internal | face | original was designed to identify sleep problems based on ICSD-1 | |||||
| CSHQ (41) | PT (Spanish) | quantity, quality, regularity, sleepiness, hygiene, ecology | structure | test-retest; internal | face; content; construct | original was designed to identify sleep problems based on ICSD-1 | |||||
| CSHQ (42) | T (Persian) | quantity, quality, regularity, sleepiness, hygiene, ecology | structure | test-retest; internal | face; content; construct; convergent/discriminant | original was designed to identify sleep problems based on ICSD-1 | |||||
| CSHQ (43) | T (Portuguese) | quantity, quality, regularity, sleepiness, hygiene, ecology | test-retest; internal | content | yes; a cutoff total score of 44 | original was designed to identify sleep problems based on ICSD-1 | ICSD II for Sleep Related Breathing Disorder, Parasomnia, Behavioral Sleep Disorder | ||||
|
CSHQ (short) (44) |
A | quantity, quality, regularity, sleepiness, hygiene, ecology | convergent/discriminant | yes; a cutoff total score of 30 | original was designed to identify sleep problems based on ICSD-1 | ||||||
| CSHQ (14) | P | quantity, quality, regularity, sleepiness, hygiene, ecology | internal | construct; convergent/discriminant | original was designed to identify sleep problems based on ICSD-1 | Down syndrome | |||||
| CSM (45) | T (Polish) | regularity, sleepiness | internal | content; construct | accumulated percentile distribution | ||||||
| CSRQ (46) | T (English) | yes | quantity, regularity, sleepiness | structure | internal | confirmatory | |||||
| CSRQ (47) | P | quantity, regularity, sleepiness | criterion | yes; ≥35; optimal sensitivity : 27.5; optimal specificity: 50.5 | |||||||
| CSWS (48) | P | yes | quantity, regularity | structure | test-retest; internal | content; construct | confirmatory | children with Sleep-Onset Association Problems per ICSD | |||
| DBAS (49) | T (German) | quantity, quality, regularity | structure | internal | content | confirmatory | |||||
| DBAS (50) | P | quantity, quality, regularity | structure | test-retest; internal | content | ||||||
| ESS (51) | PT (Tamil) | yes | sleepiness | structure | internal | face; content; construct | confirmatory | >11 = excessive daytime sleepiness; 11-14 = moderate and >15 = high | |||
| ESS (52) | P | yes | sleepiness | internal | convergent/discriminant | yes. cutoff score of 6 | |||||
| ESS-CHAD (53) | P | yes | sleepiness | structure | test-retest; internal | construct; criterion | |||||
| FoSI (54) | PA | quality | structure | internal | convergent/discriminant | confirmatory | |||||
| I SLEEPY (55) | N | quality, sleepiness | criterion | yes; those endorsing three or more symptoms or complaints on the questionnaires | |||||||
| IF SLEEPY (55) | N | quality, sleepiness | criterion | yes; those endorsing three or more symptoms or complaints on the questionnaires | |||||||
| I'M SLEEPY (55) | N | quality, sleepiness | criterion | yes; those endorsing three or more symptoms or complaints on the questionnaires | |||||||
| ISI (5) | P | quality | structure | test-retest; internal | criterion; convergent/discriminant | yes; a total score ≥9 | partially diagnostic criteria of insomnia in DSM-IV |
DSM-IV-TR diagnosis of insomnia by interview | |||
| ISI (56) | T (Swedish) | quality | internal | criterion | partially diagnostic criteria of insomnia in DSM-IV |
chronic pain | |||||
| ISI (57) | T (German) | quality | structure | internal | convergent/discriminant | confirmatory | partially diagnostic criteria of insomnia in DSM-IV |
||||
| JSQ (58) | P | quantity, quality, regularity, sleepiness, hygiene | structure | internal | content | confirmatory | yes; 80 for total score | standardized T scores by age and gender; 50.00 ± 10.00 | |||
|
JSQ (preschool) (59) |
P | quantity, quality, regularity, sleepiness, hygiene | structure | internal | face; criterion | yes; cutoff 84 | standardized T scores by age and gender; 50.00 ± 10.00 | ||||
| LSTCHQ (60) | N | quantity, regularity, sleepiness, hygiene, ecology | test-retest | face; content; construct | |||||||
| MCTQ (61) | N | no, therefore added here | regularity | ||||||||
| MEQ (62) | T (Italian) | regularity, sleepiness | structure | internal | content | ||||||
| MEQ (63) | P | regularity, sleepiness | structure | internal | convergent/discriminant | ||||||
| aMEQ (64) | PT (European Portuguese) |
regularity, sleepiness | internal | face; content | mean ± 1SD, percentiles 10 and 90, and the less restrictive percentiles 20/80; cut-points for the males and females |
||||||
| aMEQ-R (65) | PA | regularity, sleepiness | internal | content; criterion; convergent/discriminant | aMEQ (≤45 and ≥60); aMEQ-R (≤23 and ≥33) | ||||||
| MESC (66) | P | yes | regularity, sleepiness | structure | internal | convergent/discriminant | confirmatory | ||||
| MESSi (67) | PT (Turkish) | regularity, sleepiness | structure | internal | face; content; convergent/discriminant | confirmatory | |||||
| MESSi (68) | P | regularity, sleepiness | internal | convergent/discriminant | confirmatory | ||||||
| My Sleep and I (69) | P | quantity, hygiene, ecology | structure | internal | convergent/discriminant | confirmatory | |||||
| My children's sleep (69) | P | quantity, hygiene, ecology | structure | internal | convergent/discriminant | confirmatory | |||||
| NARQoL-21 (70) | NT (English) | quality, sleepiness | structure | test-retest; internal; | content; construct; convergent/discriminant | confirmatory | yes; a NARQoL-21 score below 42 | diagnostic criteria for narcolepsy according to ICSD-3 |
|||
| NSD (71) | NA | quality | Asthma per Global Initiative for Asthma classification |
||||||||
| NSS (72) | AT (Chinese) |
sleepiness | structure | internal | face; content; convergent/discriminant | ICSD-3 criteria |
|||||
| OSA Screening Questionnaire (73) | N | quality | face; content | Down syndrome | |||||||
| OSA-18 Questionnaire (74) | T (Chinese) | quality | structure | test-retest; internal | construct; convergent/discriminant | confirmatory | yes; cutoff scores ranging from 55 to 66 | OSA per ICSD 2 | |||
| OSA-18 Questionnaire (75) | T (Chinese) | quality | test-retest; internal | construct; criterion | |||||||
| OSA-18 Questionnaire (76) | T (Dutch) | quality | test-retest; internal | convergent/discriminant | craniosynostosis | ||||||
| OSA-18 Questionnaire (77) | T (Greek) | quality | test-retest; internal | criterion | |||||||
| OSA-18 Questionnaire (78) | T (Portuguese) | quality | internal | convergent/discriminant | |||||||
| OSA-18 Questionnaire (79) | T (Spanish) | quality | structure | test-retest; internal; interrater/observer | construct; convergent/discriminant | ||||||
|
OSA-5 Questionnaire (short) (80) |
A | quality | structure | internal | content | confirmatory | |||||
| OSD-6 QoL Questionnaire (81) | T (Greek) | yes | quality | test-retest; internal | criterion | ||||||
| oSDB and AT (82) | N | quality, treatment | internal | face; content; construct; criterion | |||||||
| OSPQ (83) | N | quality, regularity, sleepiness | structure | test-retest; internal | face | confirmatory | the cutoffs for the 95th percentile (T-score of 70) by sex and age |
||||
| PADSS (84) | N | quality | structure | test-retest; internal | face; construct | yes; cutoff for the overall scale was located at 13/14 |
sleepwalking or sleep terror per ICSD | ||||
| PDSS (85) | T (Brazilian Portuguese) | quantity, regularity, sleepiness | test-retest; internal | content | |||||||
| PDSS (86) | T (Japanese) | quantity, regularity, sleepiness | structure | test-retest; internal | content | ||||||
| PDSS (87) | T (Turkish) | quantity, regularity, sleepiness | structure | internal | content; construct | confirmatory | |||||
| PDSS (88) | P | quantity, regularity, sleepiness | internal | construct | confirmatory | ||||||
| PDSS (89) | PAT (Russian) |
quantity, regularity, sleepiness | structure | test-retest; internal | face; content | confirmatory | |||||
| Pediatric Sleep CGIs (90) | N | quantity, hygiene, ecology | convergent/discriminant | elements of insomnia as defined by the ICSD |
Autism Spectrum Disorders |
||||||
| PedsQL(fatigue scale) (91) | AT (Arabic) | sleepiness | internal | content; construct; convergent/discriminant | cancer | ||||||
| PedsQL (fatigue scale) (92) | AT (Chinese) | sleepiness | structure | internal | content; construct; criterion | confirmatory | acute leukemia | ||||
| PedsQL(fatigue scale) (93) | PT (Brazilian Portuguese) | sleepiness | structure | internal | construct; convergent/discriminant | confirmatory | cancer | ||||
| PISI (94) | P | quality | structure | test-retest; internal | content; construct; convergent/discriminant | confirmatory | items per group consensus regarding the following ICSD-II general insomnia criteria |
||||
| PNSSS (95) | P | ecology | interrater | assess five of the AAP recommendations related to sleep practices | |||||||
| PosaST (96) | T (Brazilian Portuguese) | quality | internal | criterion | yes; using the cumulative score ≥2.72 of the original scale | ||||||
| PPPS (97) | P | quantity; regularity, sleepiness, hygiene | internal | ||||||||
| P-RLS-SS (98) | N | quality | face; content | including also ADHD subgroup per DSM-IV criteria |
|||||||
| PROMIS (99) | P | quality, regularity, sleepiness | internal | face; content | |||||||
| PROMIS (100) | P | quality, regularity, sleepiness | structure | content | confirmatory | ||||||
| PROMIS (101) | P | quality, regularity, sleepiness | structure | internal | content; construct | confirmatory | |||||
| PROMIS (102) | PA | quality, regularity, sleepiness | content | ||||||||
| PSIS (103) | P | quality, regularity | internal | content; construct | child psychopathology and functioning per DSM-IV-TR | ||||||
| PSQ (104) | P | quality | internal | obese adolescents undergoing bariatric surgery | |||||||
| PSQ (105) | T (Turkish) | quality | internal | content; construct | items similar DSM-IV | ||||||
| PSQ (106) | T (Spanish) | quality | structure | yes; cutoff score >0.33 | |||||||
| PSQ (107) | T (Malay) | quality | test-retest; internal | face; content | |||||||
| PSQ (108) | P | quality | criterion | yes; original 0.33 and AHI>1.5 | |||||||
| PSQ (109) | P | quality | face; content | yes; cutoff of 0.72–0.76. | asthma per ICD 9 | ||||||
| PSQ (110) | PT (Chinese) | quality | structure | test-retest | content; construct | ||||||
| PSQ (111) | T (Thai) | quality | test-retest; internal | face; content | yes; a cutoff of >0.33 | ||||||
| PSQ (112) | P | quality | yes; a cutoff value of seven points | ||||||||
| PSQ (113) | PT (Portuguese) | yes | quality | test-retest; internal | face; content | ||||||
| PSQ (114) | PT | yes | quantity, quality, regularity | structure | test-retest; internal | face; construct | confirmatory | ||||
| PSQI (115) | T (Brazilian Portuguese) | yes | quantity, quality, regularity | structure | test-retest; internal | content | confirmatory | ||||
| PSQI (116) | P | yes | quantity, quality, regularity | structure | internal | content; convergent/discriminant | confirmatory | ||||
| RLS (117) | NP | quality | test-retest; internal | face; content | calculated RLS index (difference in score between 14 day time points); one control subject had a higher index value (14) than two RLS-diagnosed (10 and 13) |
criteria for children established by the International Restless Legs Syndrome study group |
|||||
| SDIS (118) | P | yes | quantity, quality, sleepiness | convergent/discriminant | insomnia per ICSD-2 or ICSD-3 |
||||||
| SDPC (119) | P | quantity, quality, sleepiness | content | cancer | |||||||
| SDSC (120) | T (Chinese) | yes | quantity, quality, sleepiness | structure | internal | construct | confirmatory | original SDSC fits ASDC | |||
| SDSC (121) | T (French) | yes | quantity, quality, sleepiness | structure | test-retest; internal; interrater/observer | construct; convergent/discriminant | confirmatory | T-score >70 | original SDSC fits ASDC | ||
| SDSC (122) | T (Persian) | yes | quantity, quality, sleepiness | internal | construct; convergent/discriminant | original SDSC fits ASDC | |||||
| SDSC (14) | P | yes | quantity, quality, sleepiness | internal | construct; convergent/discriminant | original SDSC fits ASDC | Down syndrome | ||||
| SDSC (123) | P | yes | quantity, quality, sleepiness | internal | construct; convergent/discriminant | original SDSC fits ASDC | neurocritical care acquired brain injury | ||||
| SDSC (124) | P | yes | quantity, quality, sleepiness | confirmatory | ADHD | ||||||
| SDSC* (125) | N | quantity, quality, regularity, sleepiness | structure | internal | content | ICSD 2 as reference | |||||
| SHI (126) | T (Turkish) | quantity, quality, sleepiness | structure | test-retest; internal | construct | confirmatory | major depressive disorder per DSM-IV criteria |
||||
| SHIP (127) | N | quantity, regularity, sleepiness | internal | content; construct; criterion; convergent/discriminant | chronic headache per International Headache Classification | ||||||
| Sleep Bruxism (128) | N | quality | |||||||||
| SNAKE (129) | N | quantity, quality, regularity, sleepiness, hygiene, ecology | structure | test-retest; internal | construct; convergent/discriminant |
confirmatory | T-score and percentage rank for raw score per factor | per ICSD-2 | severe psychomotor impairment | ||
| SQI (5) | P | quality | structure | internal | convergent/discriminant | yes; total score ≥5 | DSM-IV-TR diagnosis of insomnia by interview | ||||
|
SQ–SP
(130) |
P | yes | quantity, quality, sleepiness, | structure | test-retest; internal | construct; convergent/discriminant |
confirmatory | individuals with intellectual disability | |||
| SQS-SVQ (131) | AT (Turkish) | quantity, regularity, ecology | structure | test-retest; internal | criterion | confirmatory | sleep quality items comparable to DSM IV insomnia criteria | ||||
| SRSQ (132) | N | quantity, quality, regularity, sleepiness | test-retest; internal | content | yes; a cutoff of 17.3 | ||||||
| SSR (133) | T (Spanish) | quality, regularity, sleepiness | structure | internal | construct; convergent/discriminant | confirmatory | original items per ICSD | ||||
| SSR (43) | T (Portuguese) | quality, regularity, sleepiness | internal | content | original items per ICSD | ||||||
| SSSQ (134) | N | quantity, regularity | test-retest | criterion | |||||||
| STBUR (135) | N | quality | structure | yes; 10.40 (1.37–218.3) for 5 items | |||||||
| STQ (136) | P | quantity, regularity | convergent/discriminant | ||||||||
| The Children's Sleep Comic (137) | N | quantity, quality, regularity, sleepiness, hygiene | content; construct | ICSD-2 | |||||||
| The Children's Sleep Comic (138) | P | quantity, quality, regularity, sleepiness, hygiene | internal | content; convergent/discriminant | yes; a total intensity of sleep problem score of 9 |
stanine value (5±2), percentile rank and relative frequency for the raw intensity of sleep problem score | ICSD-2 | ||||
| TuCASA (139) | AT (Portuguese) | yes | quality | internal | content; convergent/discriminant | ||||||
| YSIS (140) | NT (English) | quality | structure | test-retest; internal | face; content; construct; convergent/discriminant | confirmatory | yes: Normal ∶< 22 (< 70th percentile); Mild insomnia ∶ 22 (70th percentile)−25; Moderate insomnia/clinical insomnia ∶ 26 (85th percentile)−29; Severe insomnia/clinical insomnia ∶≥ 30 (95th percentile |
based on ICSD-3 [12] and DSM-V [13] diagnostic criteria |