Figure 2.

A schematic diagram showing HLA presentation of human papilloma-VLPs in the HPV vaccine, with respect to host HLA variations and the whole T-cell activation process for production of antibodies against HPV infection. Upon HPV vaccination (1), VLPs are introduced, (2). Different HLA genes present the HPV-VLPs to the dendritic cells as exogenous or endogenous antigens (3), which then go through a maturation process. The dendritic cells present the antigens on HLA class I or II molecules on the cell surface of adaptive immunity through T-cell receptor TCR (4), into CD8+ T-cells (5), and CD4+ T-cells (6) to become antigen specific effector T-cells for further processes (7 and 8) until the production of antibodies against HPV infection (9).