Table 2.

miRNAs Related to Other Significant Players (Other than Cytokines) Associated with CRI

Other Significant Players	Related miRNA	Remark	References
NF-κB	miR-181d	regulates the mesenchymal phenotype through a pathway called NF-κB pathways in glioblastoma	125
	miR-9	inactivation of this miRNA family in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) triggers a pathway called the NF-κB pathway	126
	miR-21	NF-κB-mediated cyclin D1 expression in renal cancer cell propagation	127
STAT3	miR-139-5p	regulates NF-κB, MAPK, and STAT3 signaling, and it promotes colorectal cancer and intestinal inflammation	131
	miR-146b	inhibited NF-κB-mediated production of IL-6 and consequent activation of STAT3 in cancer	83
	miR-146b	regulated the cancer-associated inflammation in different cancers	82
HIF1α	miR-21	this miRNA affects the different genes of malignant melanoma	137
	miR-182	this miRNA augments HIF1α signaling in prostate cancer	138
	miR-199a-5p	this miRNA inhibits tumor proliferation mediated by HIF1α	139
	miR-373	this miRNA is associated with HIF1α and controls metastasis in breast cancer	140
iNOS	miR-27a	upregulation of this miRNA has been noted for thyroid cancer cells	134
COX-2	miR-155	enhances COX-2 expression in inflammation in colorectal and other cancers	136
	miR-101	regulates prostate cancer through COX-2 modulation	137
PPARγ	miR-223	PPARγ directly enhanced miR-223 expression and controls macrophage polarization	149
	miR-130b, miR-27a	both miRNAs target PPARγ and promote cancer cell growth and aggressiveness	150

NF-κB, nuclear factor κB; STAT3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase; HIF1α, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase; COX-2, cyclooxygenase-2; PPARγ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ.