Official websites use .gov
A
.gov website belongs to an official
government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you've safely
connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive
information only on official, secure websites.
Molecular biomarkers, secreted by brain tumor cells, can enter into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Therefore, CSF may contain increased levels of ctDNA, miRNA, proteins and EVs. Fortunately, CSF is easily obtained through lumbar puncture or surgery. Using liquid biopsy techniques, changes on the expression of ctDNA, miRNA, proteins and EVs from brain tumor cells can be examined in the CSF.
