Table 1.
Patient characteristics according to response and nonresponse to bevacizumab combination therapy in the training cohort. CI, confidence interval; CR, complete response; PR, partial response; SD, stable disease; PD, progressive disease; PFS, progression free survival; OS, overall survival.
| Training cohort |
Total n = 77 |
Response (CR + PR) n = 26 (34%) |
Nonresponse (SD + PD) n = 51 (66%) |
P‐value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender, n (%) | ||||
| Male | 48 (62) | 15 (31) | 33 (69) | 0.62 |
| Female | 29 (38) | 11 (38) | 18 (62) | |
| Age, years (range) | ||||
| Median | 56 (23–71) | 54 (23–65) | 57 (30–71) | 0.22 |
| ECOG performance status, n (%) | ||||
| 0 | 31 (40) | 12 (39) | 19 (61) | 0.46 |
| 1 | 35 (46) | 12 (34) | 23 (66) | |
| 2 | 11 (14) | 2 (18) | 9 (82) | |
| Prior lines of chemotherapy, n (%) | ||||
| 1 | 69 (90) | 24 (35) | 45 (65) | 0.71 |
| 2 | 8 (10) | 2 (25) | 6 (75) | |
| Glioblastoma diagnosis, n (%) | ||||
| Glioblastoma | 63 (82) | 22 (35) | 41 (65) | 0.76 |
| Secondary glioblastoma a | 14 (18) | 4 (29) | 10 (71) | |
| Multifocal disease, n (%) | ||||
| Yes | 21 (27) | 6 (29) | 15 (71) | 0.60 |
| No | 56 (73) | 20 (36) | 36 (64) | |
| Corticosteroid use, n (%) b | ||||
| Yes | 58 (75) | 18 (31) | 40 (69) | 0.41 |
| No | 19 (25) | 8 (42) | 11 (58) | |
| Neurocognitive deficit, n (%) | ||||
| Yes | 43 (56) | 13 (30) | 30 (70) | 0.48 |
| No | 34 (44) | 13 (36) | 21 (62) | |
| Prognostic group | ||||
| Favorable c | 24 (31) | 10 (42) | 14 (58) | 0.44 |
| Poor d | 53 (69) | 16 (30) | 37 (70) | |
| Survival outcome | ||||
| Median PFS, months (95% CI) | ||||
| Total cohort | 5.2 | 10.9 (9.6–12.3) | 3.9 (3.3–4.4) | < 0.01 |
| Median OS, months (95% CI) | ||||
| Total cohort | 8.2 | 13.5 (10.3–16.8) | 7.5 (6.3–8.6) | < 0.01 |
| Favorable prognostic group c | 13.3 | 20.3 (15.8–24.8) | 8.3 (7.0–9.7) | < 0.01 |
| Poor prognostic group d | 7.5 | 8.8 (7.2–10.4) | 6.5 (5.2–7.8) | < 0.01 |
Lower‐grade glioma progressing as grade IV glioma.
Prednisolone > 10 mg.
The favorable prognostic group was defined as ECOG performance status ≤ 1, prednisolone ≤ 25 mg, and unifocal disease prior to initiation of bevacizumab combination therapy.
The poor prognostic group was defined as having at least one of the following baseline factors: ECOG performance status = 2, prednisolone > 25 mg, or multifocal disease prior to initiation of bevacizumab combination therapy.