Table 3. Account of recent paradigm CDs for drug Delivery .
| Type of Cyclodextrin | Molecule and category | Route of administration | Formulation | Comments | Ref. |
| 2-hydroxy-propy-β-cyclodextrins (HPbetaCDs) | Itraconazole (Antifungal) | Pulmonary | Aerosol | Rapid absorption across the pulmonary epithelium compared to NP formulation of drug | 124 |
| Polymeric β-CDs | Ethionamide (Antitubercular) | Pulmonary | Nanoparticles | Drug incorporated following green protocol better for pulmonary administration | 125 |
| HP- β-CD | Prednisolone and Fludrocortisone acetate (Corticosteroid) | Pulmonary | Dry powder aerosol | CD promote dissolution and helps in permeation across a Calu-3 cell monolayer | 126 |
| Poly- β-CD | Ethionamide (antitubercular) | Pulmonary/ entdotracheal/ Intranasal | Nanoparticles | Empty Poly- β-CD has intrinsic antitubercular activity | 127 |
| Ethylenediamine derivative of β-CD | Doxorubicin HCl (Anticancer) | Hep-G2 cell line study | Magnetic nanocomposites | NIR light −responsive controlled and targeted release | 128 |
| sulfobutylether- β-CD | Naringenin (antimicrobial Anticancer) | Ocular | sulfobutylether- β-CD/chitosan NPs | CD/CS provided sustained release and improved bioavailability | 129 |
| µ-CD and γ-CD | Cyclosporin (Immunosupressant) | Ocular | Nanoparticles | γ -CD concentration has effects on aggregation but decreases particle size, safe for once or twice day administration | 130 |
| HP- β-CD | Resveratrol (Antioxidant) | -- | Polyvinylpyrrolidone-loaded resveratrol electrospinning nanofibers | Improved aqueous solubility of drug with sutained drug release | 131 |
| βCD or HPbCD | Glibenclamide (Hypoglycemic) | Oral | poly(anhydride) NPs | CDs allow higher payload in NPs with initial burst release followed by sustained drug release | 132 |
| βCD | Hyaluronic acid (anti-wrinkle effects and moisturizing agent) | Transdermal | quaternized βCD -grafted chitosan NPs | Quaternization of CD gives stable NPs, water retention capacity of hyaluronic acid is improved by crosslinking with polymer | 133 |
| HP- β-CD, Methyl- β-CD and Trimethyl-β-CD | Temoporfin (Photosensitizer for treatment of squamous cell carcinoma) | -- | Drug-in-cyclodextrin-in-liposome (DCL) nanoconstructs. | trimethyl-β-CD-based DCL retains almost all drug and shows stability | 134 |
| HP-β-CD | Dolutegravir sodium (DTG) | Nose to brain delivery | CD-based NPs | CD-based NPs provided higher drug loading and 2.54 folds greater permeability of DTG compared to free drug | 135 |
| HP-β-CD | Efavirenz (Antiviral) | Intranasal | chitosan-grafted-HPβCD NPs | Chitosan and CD based NPs provide Sustained release, high brain targeted delivery and 4.76 times greater permeability than plain drug solution through porcine nasal mucosa. | 136 |
| HP-β-CD | Benznidazole (Antiparasitic) | -- | Quatsomes and liposomes of | CD based nanofomulates shows better activity against Trypanosoma cruzi as compared to drug and its nanostructure lipid carries. It contributes to the solubility of drug in formulation. | 137 |
| β-CD | Curcumin (antioxidant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antiseptic) | -- | βCD based nanosponge (CDNS) | Curcumin loaded CDNS shows the selective toxicity against cancerous cells and free CDNSs showed no toxicity | 138 |
| β-CD | Saporin (Cytotoxic protein) | -- | βCD modified Circular bivalent aptamers (cb-apt) | Supramolecular ensemble exhibits high serum stability, molecular recognition ability and enhanced intracellular delivery efficiency. | 139 |
| β-CD | Doxorubicin (anticancer) | HER2- Cell line study | HApt aptamer-functionalized pH-sensitive β-CD-capped doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles | βCD works as pH sensitive nanovalve for DOX release | 140 |
CD, cyclodextrin.