TABLE 3.

Target genes and cardiac output of the Hippo–YAP1/TAZ pathway.

Target genes	Type of Regulation	Outcome
Bmp2b	Promotion	Activating the BMP pathway to enhance the number of CPCs in the secondary heart field (Fukui et al., 2018)
Cyr61 and CTGF	Promotion	Promoting CM proliferation (Badouel et al., 2015; Ragni et al., 2017; Zou et al., 2018)
Dpp4 and Dhrs3	Promotion	Inhibiting subepicardial cells from differentiating into cardiac fibroblasts, thus inducing coronary vessel defects (Xiao et al., 2018)
hand2	Promotion	Regulating differentiation of LPM cells that develop into the atrium of the heart (Fukui et al., 2018)
miR-152	Promotion	Promoting CM proliferation (Wang et al., 2018)
miR-206	Promotion	Promoting cell hypertrophy and cell survival by downregulating FoxP1 after TAC (Yang et al., 2015)
Nrg1	Promotion	Activating Nrg1/ErbB2 signaling and reducing CM proliferation, to impair compact myocardium development (Artap et al., 2018).
Oct-3/4	Promotion	Maintaining mouse and human embryonic stem cell self-renewal (Tamm et al., 2011)
OSM	Promotion	Regulating CM de-differentiation (Ikeda et al., 2019a)
Park2	Promotion	Promoting the clearance of impaired mitochondria through autophagy, subsequently enhancing CM resistance to stress (Kubli et al., 2013; Leach et al., 2017).
Pik3cb	Promotion	Activating PI3K-AKT signaling to trigger CM proliferation and survival (Xin et al., 2011; Lin et al., 2015)
Sox17	Inhibition	Disrupting CM differentiation (Hsu et al., 2018)

CM, cardiomyocytes; PI3K, phosphoinositol 3-kinase; TAC, transverse aortic constriction; LPM, lateral-plate mesoderm, CPC, cardiac precursor cell.