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. 2020 Apr 23;11:243. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00243

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Copyright © 2020 Jorge, Harada, Silva, Campos, Moreli, Shimamoto, Pereira, Oliveira, Tubino, Vila and Balcão.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(i) Results from the cytotoxicity analysis of plain ionic liquids and their respective deep eutectic solvents via the agar disk-diffusion methodology using the cell lineage 3T3: (a) negative control, (b) positive control, (c) choline geranate 1:1, (d) choline geranate 1:2, (e) choline oleate 1:2, (f) choline oleate 1:1, (g) oleic acid, (h) geranic acid, and (i) choline bicarbonate; (ii) Results from the cytotoxicity analysis of plain ionic liquids via the mitochondrial activity (MTT) assay, using the cell lineage HaCaT: (a) choline geranate, and (b) choline oleate; (iii) Average DNA damage counts encountered in the Comet^TM test performed to the ionic liquids using 3T3 cells (a), and relative DNA damage indexes of 3T3 cell line following exposure of cells to the different ionic liquids for 24 h [means of six determinations with associated σ: 3T3 (control, 1.000 ± 0.104; choline geranate 1:1, 0.196 ± 0.005; choline geranate 1:2, 0.210 ± 0.008; choline oleate 1:1, 0.315 ± 0.033; choline oleate 1:2, 0.070 ± 0.024)] (b). The inserted photos picture the Comet^TM tails produced by the different types of damaged cells encountered.