Table 1.
The effect of mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of gastrointestinal malignancies in vitro and in vivo
| Tumor type | MSCs type | Cell lines | Animal study | Tumor growth | Functional mechanism | Ref. |
| Gastric cancer | hBMSCs | SGC-7901 | No | Promotion | Direct effects | [52] |
| hBMSCs | SGC-7901 | No | Inhibition | Direct effects | [53] | |
| hBMSCs | MGC-803 and BGC-823 | Yes | Promotion | Direct effects | [54] | |
| hBMSCs | SGC-7901 | No | Promotion | Direct effects | [55] | |
| hBMSCs | BGC-823 and SGC-7901 | No | Promotion | Homing effects | [56] | |
| hBMSCs | MKN-7 | No | Promotion | Direct effects | [57] | |
| mBMSCs | NA | Yes | Promotion | Direct effects | [58] | |
| hUCMSCs | BGC-823 | Yes | Inhibition | Direct effects | [59] | |
| hAMSCs | BGC-823 | Yes | Promotion | Direct effects | [59] | |
| hUCMSCs | HGC-27, SGC-7901 | Yes | Promotion | Direct effects | [60] | |
| BMSCs | MKN-45, SGC-7901 | No | Inhibition | Homing effects | [61] | |
| hUCMSCs | SGC-7901 | No | Inhibition | Homing effects | [62] | |
| hMSCs | MKN-45 | Yes | Inhibition | Homing effects | [63] | |
| Liver cancer | Murine MSCs | HepG2 | No | Inhibition | Direct effects | [64] |
| Murine MSCs | SMMC-7402 | No | Inhibition | Homing effects | [65] | |
| Human fetus MSCs | H7402, HepG2 | Yes | Inhibition | Direct effects | [66] | |
| BMSCs | NA | Yes | Inhibition | Direct effects | [67] | |
| Adipose derived MSCs | HepG2, PLC-PRF-5 | No | Inhibition | Direct effects | [68] | |
| Human fetus MSCs | HepG2 | Yes | Inhibition | Direct effects | [70] | |
| hUCMSCs | BEL7402 | No | Inhibition | Direct effects | [71] | |
| hMSCs | H7402 | No | Inhibition | Direct effects | [72] | |
| BMSCs | NA | No | Inhibition | Direct effects | [73] | |
| mBMSCs | Human HCC cells | Yes | Inhibition | Homing effects | [75] | |
| mBMSCs | Human HCC cells | Yes | Inhibition | Homing effects | [76] | |
| hMSCs | Human HCC cells | Yes | Inhibition | Homing effects | [46] | |
| mBMSCs | HepG2 | Yes | Inhibition | Homing effects | [77] | |
| hBMSCs | MHCC97-H | Yes | Promotion | Direct effects | [78] | |
| Liver cancer associated MSCs | MHCC97L | Yes | Promotion | Direct effects | [79] | |
| mBMSCs | NA | Yes | Inhibition for initial stage | Direct effects | [80] | |
| Promotion for progressive stage | ||||||
| Pancreatic cancer | Rat UCMSCs | PANC02 | Yes | Inhibition | Direct effects | [81] |
| hBMSCs | PANC-1 | Yes | Inhibition | Direct effects | [82] | |
| hBMSCs | BxPC-3, MIA PaCa-2 | Yes | Inhibition | Homing effects | [83] | |
| hBMSCs | NA | Yes | Inhibition | Homing effects | [84] | |
| hMSCs | MIA PaCa-2 | Yes | Inhibition | Homing effects | [85] | |
| gingival derived MSCs | CFPAC-1 | No | Inhibition | Homing effects | [86] | |
| mBMSCs | PANC02 | Yes | Inhibition | Homing effects | [87] | |
| BMSCs | BxPC-3 | No | Promotion | Direct effects | [88] | |
| hMSCs | PANC-1 and BxPC-3 | No | Promotion | Direct effects | [89] | |
| Carcinoma associated MSCs | 13442 cells | Yes | Promotion | Direct effects | [90] | |
| Colorectal cancer | BMSCs | Caco-2, SW480, SW620, LoVo, HT29 | Yes | Inhibition | Homing effects | [17] |
| hBMSCs | HCT116, SW480 | No | Inhibition | Homing effects | [91] | |
| mBMSCs | CT26 | Yes | Inhibition | Homing effects | [92] | |
| mBMSCs | CT26 | Yes | Inhibition | Homing effects | [93] | |
| hBMSCs | HT29, SW1116, Caco-2, Lovo | Yes | Promotion | Direct effects | [96] | |
| hBMSCs | NA | No | Promotion | Direct effects | [97] | |
| mBMSCs | C26 | Yes | Promotion | Direct effects | [98] | |
| BMSCs | HCT116 | Yes | Promotion | Direct effects | [99] | |
| hBMSCs | HCT116, Lovo | Yes | Promotion | Direct effects | [100] | |
| hBMSCs | SW480, LS174T, HT29 | Yes | Promotion | Direct effects | [101] | |
| hBMSCs | HT29, HCT116 | Yes | Promotion for HT29 | Direct effects | [102] | |
| Inhibition for HCT116 | ||||||
| Adipose derived MSCs | RKO, HT29, HCT116 | No | Promotion for RKO and HCT29 | Direct effects | [103] | |
| Inhibition for HCT116 |
MSCs: Mesenchymal stem cells; hBMSCs: Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells; mBMSCs: Murine one marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells; hUCMSCs: Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells; hAMSCs: Human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells; hMSCs: Human mesenchymal stem cells; mBMSCs: Murine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells; NA: Not applicable.