Table 1.
Demographics of the survey cohort.
| Demographicsa | Baseline and follow-up survey respondents (n=764) | Baseline survey respondents only (n=530) | P value | ||||||
|
|
n (%) | Mean (SD) | Median (IQR) | n (%) | Mean (SD) | Median (IQR) |
|
||
| Age (years)b |
|
58.6 (14.5) |
|
|
54.7 (17.1) |
|
<.001c | ||
|
|
18-44 | 137 (18.5) | –d | - | 167 (32.4) | – | - | – | |
|
|
45-64 | 306 (41.2) | – | - | 173 (33.5) | – | - | – | |
|
|
65-101 | 299 (40.3) | – | - | 176 (34.1) | – | - | – | |
| Male (%) | 624 (81.7) | – | - | 442 (83.4) | – | - | .42 | ||
| Marital statusb | |||||||||
|
|
Married | 450 (58.9) | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
|
|
Divorced or never married | 287 (37.6) | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
|
|
Widowed | 17 (2.2) | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Raceb | .17 | ||||||||
|
|
White or white non-Hispanic | 598 (80.4) | - | - | 388 (74.6) | - | - | – | |
|
|
Black or African American | 90 (12.1) | - | - | 83 (16.0) | - | - | – | |
|
|
American Indian, Native Hawaiian, or other | 18 (2.4) | - | - | 14 (2.7) | - | - | – | |
|
|
Asian | 4 (0.5) | - | - | 5 (1.0) | - | - | – | |
|
|
Unknown or decline | 34 (4.6) | - | - | 30 (5.8) | - | - | – | |
| Ethnicityb | .15 | ||||||||
|
|
Hispanic or Latino | 32 (4.2) | - | - | 35 (6.6) | - | - | – | |
|
|
Non-Hispanic/Latino | 704 (92.6) | - | - | 475 (90.0) | - | - | – | |
|
|
Unknown or decline | 24 (3.2) | - | - | 18 (3.4) | - | - | – | |
| Ruralityb,e | <.01 | ||||||||
|
|
Urban | 342 (45.4) | - | - | 277 (53.2) | - | - | – | |
|
|
Rural or highly rural | 412 (54.6) | - | - | 244 (46.8) | - | - | – | |
| Educationb,f | .75 | ||||||||
|
|
Attended or graduated high school or general educational development | 227 (29.8) | - | - | 157 (30.0) | - | - | – | |
|
|
Some college or 2-year degree | 343 (45.1) | - | - | 244 (46.7) | - | - | – | |
|
|
4-year college graduate or more | 191 (25.1) | - | - | 122 (23.3) | - | - | – | |
| Incomeb,f (US $ per year) | .32 | ||||||||
|
|
<25,000 | 249 (33.6) | - | - | 186 (36.0) | - | - | – | |
|
|
25,001-50,000 | 324 (43.7) | - | - | 231 (44.7) | - | - | – | |
|
|
>50,000 | 169 (22.8) | - | - | 100 (19.3) | - | - | – | |
| Economic hardshipb,f | .53 | ||||||||
|
|
Great difficulty and difficulty | 243 (32.1) | - | - | 172 (32.7) | - | - | – | |
|
|
Some difficulty | 271 (35.8) | - | - | 203 (38.6) | - | - | – | |
|
|
Rather easily | 149 (19.7) | - | - | 97 (18.4) | - | - | – | |
|
|
Easily or very easily | 94 (12.4) | - | - | 54 (10.3) | - | - | – | |
| Driving distance to primary VAg facility (miles) | 756 (98.9) | 22.9 (22.9) | 16 (7-32) | 524 (98.9) | 21.3 (22.5) | 14 (6-30) | .21 | ||
| Health literacy (out of 4)f | 755 (98.8) | 2.6 (1.3) | 3 (2-4) | 520 (98.1) | 2.5 (1.3) | 3 (2-4) | .18 | ||
| Technology use pretabletf (out of 8) | 761 (99.6) | 2.6 (1.9) | 2 (1-4) | 529 (99.8) | 2.5 (1.9) | 2 (1-4) | .29 | ||
| Percentage of 4G internet coverage per zip code | 760 (99.5) | 96.5 (10.5) | 99.99 (99.1-100) | 527 (99.4) | 97.4 (9.6) | 99.99 (99.4-100) | .16 | ||
| Number of tablet encounters at 6 months | 592 (77.5) | 5.7 (5.2) | 4 (2-7) | 363 (68.5) | 4.4 (4.5) | 3 (1-6) | <.001 | ||
| Number of mental health tablet encounters at 6 months | 383 (50.1) | 5.7 (5.0) | 4 (2-8) | 246 (46.4) | 4.7 (4.7) | 3 (1-6) | <.01 | ||
aThe results of poststratification weighing available in Multimedia Appendix 2 shows changes when weighted on age, rurality, and mental health conditions.
bThe denominator for the proportions calculated is the total number of individuals with available data
cP values in italics are statistically significant.
dNot applicable.
eRurality provided by the VA’s Planning Systems Support Group, which categorizes rural and urban status based on the Rural Urban Commuting Area categories developed by the Department of Agriculture and Health and Human Services’ Health Resources and Services Administration [48].
fIndicates a survey measure.
gVA: Department of Veterans Affairs.