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Vanillic acid (VA) pretreatment decreases ROS production in H9c2 cells exposed to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R). (a) Flow cytometry analysis of DCF fluorescence. (b) Column bar graph of cell fluorescence for DCF. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM, n = 3. ∗∗p < 0.01 vs. control group; ▲▲p < 0.01 vs. H/R group; ##p < 0.01 vs. VA+H/R group. A.U. is the abbreviation for arbitrary unit.
