Figure 4.

Vanillic acid (VA) pretreatment alleviates loss of ΔΨ_m in H9c2 cells exposed to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R), while AMPKα2-siRNA abrogates this effect. (a) Representative dot plots of flow cytometry. (b) ΔΨ_m was calculated with the ratio of red/green fluorescence obtained by flow cytometry. The ratio of fluorescence in the upper right quadrant and lower right quadrant was used to evaluate levels of ΔΨ_m. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM, n = 3. ^∗∗p < 0.01 vs. control group; ^▲▲p < 0.01 vs. H/R group; ^##p < 0.01 vs. VA+H/R group. JC-1 FL1: JC-1 fluorescence channel 1; JC-1 FL2: JC-1 fluorescence channel 2.