Table 4.
Subgroup logistic regression analysis assessing the relationships of gender with diabetic retinopathy.
| Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | P value | OR | 95% CI | P value | |
| Stratified by hypertension | ||||||
| Male | 1 | — | — | 1 | — | — |
| Female | ||||||
| Without hypertension | 1.143 | 1.028-1.127 | 0.014 | 1.094 | 0.980-1.222 | 0.109 |
| With hypertension | 1.096 | 0.982-1.223 | 0.102 | 1.091 | 0.974-1.222 | 0.131 |
| Stratified by duration of diabetes | ||||||
| Male | 1 | — | — | 1 | — | — |
| Female | ||||||
| <10 years | 1.090 | 0.987-1.203 | 0.090 | 1.057 | 0.955-1.170 | 0.284 |
| ≥10 years | 1.069 | 0.944-1.211 | 0.291 | 1.150 | 1.012-1.306 | 0.032 |
| Stratified by age | ||||||
| Male | 1 | — | — | 1 | — | — |
| Female | ||||||
| <60 years old | 1.057 | 0.936-1.195 | 0.373 | 0.986 | 0.867-1.122 | 0.830 |
| ≥60 years old | 1.122 | 1.017-1.238 | 0.022 | 1.141 | 1.031-1.262 | 0.010 |
| Stratified by regional economic level | ||||||
| Male | 1 | — | — | 1 | — | — |
| Female | ||||||
| T1 (31,336.13-67,627.83) | 1.051 | 0.935-1.182 | 0.403 | 1.054 | 0.934-1.188 | 0.396 |
| T2 (67,627.83-103,919.54) | 1.135 | 1.017-1.267 | 0.024 | 1.123 | 1.001-1.259 | 0.048 |
| T3 (103,919.54-140,211.24) | 1.040 | 0.814-1.329 | 0.754 | 1.148 | 0.889-1.481 | 0.290 |
Results are given as odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (OR; 95% CI). The subjects were divided into nondiabetic retinopathy (DR) and DR. Gender was analyzed in the univariate logistic regression analysis in T2DM participants stratified by hypertension, duration of diabetes, age, and regional economic level, using male as the reference group. Then, a multivariate logistic regression analysis in T2DM participants stratified by hypertension was adjusted for age, duration of diabetes, and regional economic level; a multivariate logistic regression analysis in T2DM participants stratified by duration of diabetes was adjusted for age, duration of diabetes, hypertension, and regional economic level; a multivariate logistic regression analysis in T2DM participants stratified by age was adjusted for age, duration of diabetes, hypertension, and regional economic level. A multivariate logistic regression analysis in T2DM participants stratified by the regional economic level was adjusted for age, duration of diabetes, and hypertension.