Fig. 2.

Treatment with pasteurized Akkermansia muciniphila reduces bone mass of gonadal intact mice and does not protect against bone loss in femur after ovariectomy (Ovx). Twelve-week-old female mice were treated with either vehicle (Veh) or pasteurized Akkermansia muciniphila (pAkk) by daily oral gavage during 28 days, starting 3 days before ovx or sham surgery. At the end of the experiment, dissected femurs were analyzed with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to measure areal bone mineral density (BMD; A) and high-resolution microcomputed tomography (μCT) to measure trabecular bone volume fraction (BV/TV; B), trabecular thickness (C), and cortical area (D). Values are given as means ± SE (n = 8–12). The overall effect of treatment (Veh/pAkk) and surgical procedure (Sham/Ovx) and their interaction were calculated using two-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s post hoc test to correct for multiple comparisons between all groups vs. vehicle-treated sham mice, **P ≤ 0.01 and *P ≤ 0.05.