Table 3.

Arterial hormone concentrations during the clamp studies

Hormone and Group	Basal (−20 to 0 min)	Period 1 (0 to 90 min)	Period 2 (90 to 180 min)
Insulin, µU/mL
Chow	8 ± 1	25 ± 5	27 ± 6
HFFD	10 ± 2	27 ± 2	29 ± 2
HFFD + FUM	9 ± 1	29 ± 5	29 ± 4
Glucagon, ng/L
Chow	33 ± 3	36 ± 5	36 ± 4
HFFD	40 ± 4	39 ± 5	32 ± 4
HFFD + FUM	32 ± 6	39 ± 5	40 ± 5
Cortisol, µg/dL
Chow	2 ± 0	2 ± 1	2 ± 0
HFFD	3 ± 0	3 ± 0	2 ± 0
HFFD + FUM	2 ± 0	2 ± 0	2 ± 0

Data are means ± SE; n = 4, 8, and 6 for Chow, high-fat and -fructose diet (HFFD), and HFFD + fumagillin (FUM), respectively. Basal period values are the mean of 2 sampling points, while data for Periods 1 and 2 are the means of 2, 3, or 5 sampling times (for cortisol, glucagon, and insulin, respectively). There were no significant differences among groups.