Fig. 5.

One week of recovery altered cytokine mRNA expression levels in peripheral tissues. Mean ± SE gene expression levels of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), and transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) in heart (A–D), spleen (E–H), and liver (I–L) of vehicle-injected or chemically sympathectomized mice subjected to control or 1 wk of recovery following chronic sleep fragmentation (SF, n = 8/group). During the recovery phase (R), mice of both control and experimental groups were not subjected to sweeping bar swipes. 6-OHDA, 6-hydroxydopamine. Significant effect of SF (*) and chemical sympathectomy (#) as determined by Bonferroni post hoc test followed by 2-way ANOVA. For statistical significance, α was set at 0.05.