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. 2020 Mar 4;318(4):R781–R789. doi: 10.1152/ajpregu.00358.2019

Fig. 6.

Fig. 6.

Sleep fragmentation (SF) altered serum levels of cytokines and chemokines. Mean ± SE protein levels of cytokines and chemokines in vehicle-injected or chemically sympathectomized mice subjected to acute SF (n = 6/group, A–D), chronic SF (n = 6/group, E–N), or 1 wk of recovery following chronic SF (n = 6/group, O–R). Protein levels were measured in individual serum specimens using multiplex magnetic bead technology for the simultaneous measurement of the 20 cytokines/chemokines. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) levels were measured separately using an ELISA in serum samples (n = 7/group). FGF, fibroblast growth factor; IL-1α, interleukin-1α; IL-1β, interleukin-1β; IL-6, interleukin-6; IL-12, interleukin-12; IL-17, interleukin-17; MIP-α, macrophage inflammatory protein-α; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; IP-10, interferon γ-induced protein 10; 6-OHDA, 6-hydroxydopamine. Shown is the expression of the detected molecules that showed a significant effect of SF and/or chemical sympathectomy, as determined by 2-way ANOVA. Between-group differences were determined by Bonferroni post hoc test, with significant effects of sleep fragmentation (*) and chemical sympathectomy (#) indicated. For statistical significance, α was set at 0.05.