Fig. 7.

Serum exosome (S-Exo) partly suppresses pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell (PMVEC) inflammation and promotes barrier function after 18% cyclic stretching (CS) through inhibiting transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4)/Ca²⁺ signaling in vitro. A: proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 in cell culture supernatant. B: quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis shows the gene expression of TNF-α, IL-6, TRPV4, β-catenin, and VE-cadherin normalized to the gene expression of GAPDH. C: Western blot (WB) analysis shows the protein expression of TNF-α, IL-6, TRPV4, β-catenin, and VE-cadherin, and the relative values are normalized to GAPDH. D and E: intracellular calcium ions are detected by flow cytometry (FCM). n = 4 cultures from each group assayed in triplicate. The results are expressed as means ± SE. *P < 0.05.