Fig. 2.

Systemic hemodynamic responses to plantar flexion exercise in peripheral artery diseases (PAD) patients and healthy controls. Data are expressed as means ± SE. Data are collected from finger plethysmography and derived by the ModelFlow technique in patients with PAD (n = 11, ●) and matched healthy controls (n = 11, ○) during plantar flexion exercise. HR, heart rate; MAP, mean arterial pressure; CO, cardiac output; TPR, total peripheral resistance; SV, stroke volume. *P < 0.05, significant difference between control and PAD. ^P < 0.05, significant difference from baseline in PAD patient. +P < 0.05, significant difference from baseline in healthy control.