Table 2.

Muscle architecture variables, fascicle length (F_L) and angle of pennation (Θ_P), for untrained (UT) and long-term resistance-trained (LTT) men

Variable	Muscle	Sites Measured	UT (n = 52)	LTT (n = 16)	%Difference	Effect Size
FL (mm)
	Q	10	106.4 ± 9.0	118.0 ± 10.0*	11	1.2
	VM	2	104.6 ± 16.4	117.1 ± 17.4†	12	0.7
	VI	3	100.9 ± 8.1	107.5 ± 7.8#	7	0.8
	VL	3	111.1 ± 11.5	125.7 ± 16.8†	13	1.0
	RF	2	109.0 ± 14.8	121.6 ± 17.8†	12	0.8
ΘP (mm)
	Q	10	15.4 ± 2.9	17.3 ± 2.0*	13	0.7
	VM	2	19.2 ± 3.9	20.8 ± 3.4	8	0.4
	VI	3	12.9 ± 2.6	14.5 ± 2.2#	13	0.7
	VL	3	15.9 ± 2.6	18.2 ± 3.3†	15	0.8
	RF	2	13.5 ± 2.5	15.6 ± 2.4†	16	0.9

Data are means ± SD. Quadriceps and individual constituent muscle values are based on the mean of ten or two/three sites, respectively. Q = mean quadriceps, VM = vastus medialis, VI = vastus intermedius, VL = vastus lateralis, RF = rectus femoris, Θ_P = angle of pennation, F_L = fascicle length_. Adjusted P values are indicated by:

^*P < 0.01,

^†P < 0.05;

^#tendency P = 0.05–0.07.