Rhodamine 6G (R6G) lung extraction ratio (ER) (solid bars) after 12 min, 6 min, and 3 min of perfusion (single pass) with pump flow set at 5, 10, and 20 mL/min, respectively. Open bars are model prediction. Values are means ± SE (n = 4, 10, and 6 for flow of 5, 10, and 20 mL/min, respectively). *Significantly different from ER at flow of 10 mL/min (P < 0.05, unpaired t test).