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. 2020 Apr 14;5(16):9259–9275. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00114

Table 3. Cost of Selected Biorefinery Processing Routes.

product route Ckbp (USD/kg) refs
ethanol fermentation 0.36 (5)
succinic acid fermentation 0.38 (24)
hydrogen dark fermentation 1.75 (34)
butanol ABE fermentation 1.24 (35)
biogas anaerobic digestion 0.36 (7)
levulinic acid acid dehydration 0.50 (32)
bio-oil pyrolysis 0.28 (7)
hydrogen gasification 0.39 (7)