Table 3.
Descriptive characteristics of retrospective studies.
| Study | Design | Aim | No. of patients | AR treatment | Duration of AR treatment (months) | Reasons for MRONJ | MRONJ stages | Treatment of MRONJ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dimitrakopoulos et al., 2006 [36] | Case series >5 | Clinical evaluation of drug-induced avascular osteonecrosis | 11 | Zoledronate (6/11), Zoledronate + Pamidronate (4/11), Pamidronate + Ibandronate + Zoledronate (1/11) | 6–60 | Tooth extraction (7/11), Chronic denture trauma (1/11), Spontaneous onset (3/11) | - | Sequestrectomy (3/11), Debridement (6/11), No surgical treatment (2/11) |
| Wilde et al., 2011 [27] | Retrospective cohort study | Surgical treatment with bilayer mucosal closure | 24 (33 sites) | Zoledronate (14/24), Zoledronate + Bondronate (3/24), Zoledronate + Pamidronate (3/34), All three types of BP (4/24) | - | Misfitting dentures (6/24), Extraction (19/24), Incision after abscess (1/24), Periodontal disease (2/24), Other (1/24) | 1 (2/24), 2 (7/24), 3 (11/24), 4∗ (4/24) | All surgically treated |
| Jabbour et al., 2012 [29] | Retrospective cohort study | Investigating outcomes of conservative therapy alone or followed by surgical treatment | 14 | Alendronate (4/14), Pamidronate (2/14), Zoledronic acid (7/14), Pamidronate + Zoledronic acid (1/14) | 12–96 | Misfitting dentures (4/14), Extractions (7/14), Spontaneous onset (1/14), Other (1/14), Not available (1/14) | 2 (14/14) | Conservative treatment (8/14), Surgical treatment (6/14) |
| Voss et al., 2012 [30] | Retrospective cohort study | Surgical three-layered technique | 20 (manuscript describes 21, but only 20 in the summary table) | Ibandronate (2/20), Zoledronate (14/20), Alendronate (3/20), Pamidronate + Alendronate + Zoledronate (1/20) | 40.1 (mean) (range, 6–84) | Extractions (12/20), Other (8/20) | 2 (15/20), 3 (5/20) | All surgically treated |
| Wutzl et al., 2012 [26] | Retrospective analysis of a prospective cohort study | Surgery: therapeutic approach | 41 | Pamidronate (7/41), Zoledronic acid (25/41), Zoledonric acid + other bisphosphonate (8/41), Alendronate (1/41) | - | - | 0 (1/41), 1 (10/41), 2 (24/41), 3 (6/41) | All surgically treated |
| Kim et al., 2014 [31] | Retrospective cohort study | Investigating prognostic factors after surgical management of patients diagnosed with MRONJ | 54 | Alendronate (35/54), Risedronate (9/54), Ibandronate (3/54), Pamidronate (4/54), Zolendronate (4/54)† | Surgical treatment: 54 (mean); Conservative treatment: 86 (mean) | Extraction of teeth (33/54), Implant (4/54), Curettage (1/54), Partial dentures (2/54), Spontaneous onset (6/54), No data (8/54) | 0 (4/54), 1 (17/54), 2 (32/54), 3 (1/54) | Surgically treated with debridement or sequestrectomy (21/54), Conservatively treated (33/54) |
| Lopes et al., 2015 [32] | Retrospective observational cohort study | Evaluation of the efficacy of surgery | 33 (46 sites) | Zoledronate (22/33), Pamidronate (3/33), Zoledronate + Pamidronate (5/33), Alendronate (2/33), Zoledronate + Alendronate (1/33) | I.v. treatment: 26.3 (mean) (2 patients with Alendronate for 10 years) | Extractions (16/33), Implant treatment (3/33), Periodontal disease (9/33), Misfitting dentures (8/33), Palatal tori (2/33), Spontaneous onset (8/33) | 2 (37/46), 3 (9/46) | All surgically treated |
| Bodem et al., 2016 [33] | Monocentric retrospective cohort study | Analysis of surgical outcomes: i.e., drug holiday versus no drug holiday | 39 (47 sites) | Zoledronic acid (39/39) | 24 (range 2–120) | - | 2 (23/47), 3 (24/47) | All surgically treated |
| Hoefert et al., 2017 [34] | Retrospective review of medical records | Examination of clinical characteristics and operative and non-operative therapeutic outcomes | 17 | XGEVA (15), Prolia (2) | 19.7 ± 10.5 (range 4–48) | Misfitting dentures (7/17), Extractions (6/17), Peri-implantitis (1/17), Periodontitis (2/17), Spontaneous onset (1/17) | 1 (1/17), 2 (10/17), 3 (6/17) | Operative (7/17), Non-operative (10/17) |
| Aljohani et al., 2018 [35] | Retrospective multicenter case series | Analysis of AR characteristics, demographics, related comorbidities, local preceding events, treatment strategies, and treatment outcomes. | 63 | XGEVA (52/63), Prolia (11/63) (31/63 patients had a history of bisphosphonate use) | - | Extractions (28/63), Periodontitis (6/63), Misfitting dentures (4/63), Implant placement (2/63), Peri-implantitis (1/63), Other (9/63), Unknown (13/63) | 0 (2/63) 1 (6/63) 2 (41/63) 3 (8/63) Combined (6/63) | Surgical (60/63), Non-surgical (3/63) |
| Jung et al., 2018 [28] | Retrospective cross-sectional study (database) | Investigation of the gap between BP use and the occurrence of MRONJ. | 1569 | Alendronate, Clodronate, Etidronate, Ibandronate, Risedronate, Pamidronate, Zoledronic acid | 2.94 years (average) | Dental surgery, including extractions (915/1,569) | - | - |
AR: Antiresorptive; MRONJ: Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw; i.v.: Intravenous.
∗
Stage 4 is defined in this study; -: Not described in the article.
†
This may be an error in the original article because n = 55, not 54 as described.