Table 2.

Patient Characteristics

Patient # (Age Gender)	Age of onset	Inciting event	Orthostatic headache (Worse upright)	MRI head (with and without gadolinium)	MRI spine	CT myelogram	Previous treatmenta (# of patches)
1 (35 M)	32	Post-hiking	Yes	Diffuse pachymeningeal enhancement	Central disc protrusion at T7/8, T11/12	Bilateral L5 PI #	4
						Diffuse epidural fluid collection in the whole spine
					Epidural fluid collection extending from L1-L5
2 (52F)	50	None	Yes	Diffuse pachymeningeal enhancement	Severe grade 3 L4/5 spondylolisthesis	Bilateral L4 PI #	3
						L4/5 anterolisthesis
				Subdural collections		Mildly prominent perineural spaces at bilateral C7-T1, right T7/8, T8/9, bilateral T9/10
						Small left S2 perineural cyst
3 (38F)	34	None	Yes	Normal	Mild degenerative changes in the C and L spine	Bilateral L5 PI #	4
						Multi-disc degeneration from C3-C6
						Small amount of contrast seen in multiple perineural sleeves throughout the spine
4 (49F)	39	None	Yes	Normal	C3/4, C4/5, C6/7 disc bulges	Bilateral L3 PI #	2
						Grade 1 L3/4 anterolisthesis
					L3/4 anterolisthesis	Nerve root sleeve opacification at the left C6/7, C7/T1, L5/S1 and right T12/L1
					S1 Tarlov cyst
5 (38F)	34	None	Yes	Normal	Prior discectomy at C5/6	S1 PI # (right)	3
						Bilateral nerve root sleeves at C5/6, C6/7, C7/T1, T7/8, T9/10, T10/11 and all L levels
6 (49 M)	45	Fall	Yes	Normal	Normal	Bilateral L5 PI #	7
						Calcified osteophyte on left L5/S1 facet join

C Cervical T Thoracic L Lumbar S Sacral PI #: Pars Interarticularis fracture

^aAll patients received conservative treatment plus a combination of the following: blind epidural blood patches, targeted blood patches and/or fibrin sealant