. 2020 Apr 29;20:366. doi: 10.1186/s12913-020-05238-x

Table 2.

Characteristics of identified RAI-HC quality indicators

QI	Measure level^a	Type^b	QI set affiliation^c			Face validity^d			Interrater reliability^e
QI	Measure level^a	Type^b	interRAI 1st	Swiss RAI-HC	interRAI 2nd	interRAI 1st	Swiss RAI-HC	interRAI 2nd	Swiss RAI-HC
ADL	O	I	✓	✓		C	A		≥ 0.60
ADL decline	O	I			✓			B
ADL improvement	O	I			✓			B
IADL	O	I		✓			A		≥ 0.60
IADL decline	O	I			✓			B
IADL improvement	O	I			✓			B
Rehabilitation potential and no therapies	P	P	✓	(✓)		C	A		N/A
Decline independency	O	P		✓			A		N/A
Difficulties in communication	O	I	✓	✓		C	A		N/A
Communication decline	O	I			✓			B
Communication improvement	O	I			✓			B
Bladder incontinence	O	I	✓	✓		C	D		≥ 0.60
Bladder decline	O	I			✓			B
Bladder improvement	O	I			✓			B
Bowel incontinence	O	I		(✓)			D		≥ 0.60
Obstipation	O	I		(✓)			A		≥ 0.60
Skin ulcer	O	I	✓	✓		C	A		< 0.40
Mouth problems	O	P		✓			A		0.40–0.59
Cognitive function	O	I	✓	✓		C	D		0.40–0.59
Cognitive decline	O	I			✓			B
Cognitive improvement	O	I			✓			B
Delirium	O	P	✓	(✓)		C	A		N/A
Negative mood	O	P	✓	✓		C	A		< 0.40
Mood decline	O	I			✓			B
Mood improvement	O	I			✓			B
Negative mood without intervention	O	P		(✓)			A		< 0.40
Social isolation with distress	O	P	✓	✓	✓	C	A	B	0.40–0.59
Does not go out but used to	O	P			✓			B
Continued caregiver distress	O	P		✓	✓		A	B	< 0.40
Falls	O	P	✓	✓	✓	C	D	B	≥ 0.60
Neglect or abuse	O	P	✓	✓		C	A		N/A
Injuries	O	P	✓		✓	C		B
Hospital, ED, emergent care	O	P	✓		✓	C		B
Daily severe pain	O	P	✓	✓	✓	C	A	B	0.40–0.59
Inadequate pain control	O	P	✓	✓	✓	C	A	B	< 0.40
Pain improvement	O	I			✓			B
Dehydration	O	P	✓	✓		C	A		0.40–0.59
Weight loss	O	P	✓	✓	✓	C	A	B	N/A
Weight change (undesired)	O	I		(✓)			D		N/A
Weight change (unfavourable)	O	I		(✓)			D		N/A
Inadequate meals	O	P	✓			C
Difficulty in locomotion and no assistive device	O	P	✓			C
Impaired locomotion in home	O	I	✓	✓		C	A		≥ 0.60
No medication review by MD	P	P	✓	✓		C	A		N/A
Inconsistent drug intake	O	P		(✓)			A		N/A
Hearing	O	P		(✓)			A		< 0.40
Eyesight	O	P		(✓)			D		N/A
No flu vaccination	P	P	✓		✓	C		B

Abbreviations: ADL Activities of daily living, ED Emergency department, IADL Instrumental activities of daily living, MD Medical doctor, QI Quality indicator, RAI-HC Resident Assessment Instrument-Home Care

^a O = Outcome, P = Process, classified by authors

^b I = Incidence-based measure (measures changes in a client’s health status from one time point to another), P = Prevalence-based measure (measures client's health status at a single point in time)

^c interRAI 1^st = interRAI's 1^st generation QI set by Hirdes et al. [37], Swiss RAI-HC = Swiss RAI-HC QI set by Burla et al. [29], interRAI 2^nd = interRAI's 2^nd generation QI set by Morris et al. [30], ✓ = part of the QI set, (✓) = part of the QI set but not core set (only for Swiss QIs)

^d Face validity was assessed for all three QI sets:

A = Face validity assessed with nominal group technique and rated as appropriate

B = Face validity assessed with unstructured consensus process (approved by 70% of experts) and rated as appropriate

C = Rating process of face validity not described but rated as appropriate

D = Face validity assessed with nominal group technique and rated as inappropriate

^e Interrater reliability was tested by Burla et al. [29] for 18 Swiss RAI-HC QIs, values indicate kappa/yules values, N/A = not applicable: interrater reliability not tested due to small sample size. Kappa/yules values < 0.40 were interpreted as insufficient reliability