Fig. 12.

The LiaRS signal transduction pathway in B. subtilis, reflecting the findings in this study. The cell membrane disruption is represented by a solid black irregular shape. The solid arrows illustrate the processes that occur in the presence of the stimulus, and the dashed ones illustrate the processes that occur in the absence of stress; the inhibitory effect of LiaF on the phosphatase activity of LiaS is represented with a dashed arrow. The length of each arrow is intended to illustrate, in relative terms, the rate of the process that is represents