Table 1:
Models for lung cancer death (Katki et al., 2016) and of overall mortality.
| Factor | Coding | Overall Mortality | Lung cancer Death (LCDRAT) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | ||
| 3 annual CT screens | Binary | — * | — | 0.796 † | (0.69-0.92) † |
| Age | Log term | — ‡ | — | 431.812 | (185.059,1007.578) |
| Gender (female) | Binary | 0.708 | (0.671,0.747) | 0.837 | (0.736,0.950) |
| Race | Categorical | ||||
| White, non-Hispanic | 1.000 | Reference | 1.000 | Reference | |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 1.294 | (1.195,1.402) | 1.482 | (1.176,1.869) | |
| Hispanic | 0.812 | (0.734,0.899) | 0.687 | (0.397,1.190) | |
| Asian or Other | 0.619 | (0.493,0.778) | 0.657 | (0.447,0.964) | |
| Education § | Trend | 0.930 | (0.915,0.944) | 0.908 | (0.873,0.944) |
| Calendar year assessed | Linear | 0.977 | (0.969,0.985) | — | — |
| BMI≤18.5 | Binary | — | — | 1.428 | (0.899,2.268) |
| BMI | Log term | — | — | 0.447 | (0.296,0.675) |
| Categorical | — | — | |||
| 20<−25 | 1.000 | Reference | |||
| ≤18.5 | 1.879 | (1.631,2.166) | |||
| 18.5<−20 | 1.370 | (1.219,1.539) | |||
| 25<−30 | 0.793 | (0.747,0.842) | |||
| 30<−35 | 0.815 | (0.755,0.880) | |||
| >35 | 0.980 | (0.894,1.074) | |||
| Pack years | Categorical | — | — | ||
| 0-<30 | 1.000 | Reference | |||
| 30-<40 | 1.743 | (1.354,2.244) | |||
| 40-<50 | 2.112 | (1.679,2.657) | |||
| 50+ | 2.446 | (1.861,3.214) | |||
| Sqrt term | 1.081 | (1.053,1.110) | |||
| Quit years | Log term ∥ | 0.839 | (0.818,0.860) | 0.686 | (0.640,0.735) |
| Years smoked | Log term | — | — | 1.395 | (1.099,1.771) |
| >1 pack/day | Binary | — | — | 1.273 | (1.054,1.539) |
| Cigs/day | Log term ∥ | 0.966 | (0.893,1.045) | — | — |
| Lung cancer family history ¶ | Trend ** | — | — | 1.525 | (1.300,1.789) |
| Use special equipment †† | Binary | 1.748 | (1.624,1.881) | — | — |
| Liver condition, past 1y | Binary | 1.650 | (1.416,1.923) | — | — |
| Emphysema | Binary | 1.615 | (1.491,1.749) | 1.741 | (1.450,2.090) |
| Diabetes | Binary | 1.518 | (1.422,1.620) | — | — |
| Weak/failing kidneys, past 1y | Binary | 1.475 | (1.288,1.689) | — | — |
| Prior cancer | Binary | 1.322 | (1.244,1.405) | — | — |
| Prior stroke | Binary | 1.319 | (1.212,1.436) | — | — |
| Prior heart attack | Binary | 1.292 | (1.187,1.412) | — | — |
| Coronary heart disease | Binary | 1.182 | (1.080,1.294) | — | — |
| Heart disease | Binary | 1.143 | (1.073,1.218) | — | — |
| Chronic bronchitis, past 1y | Binary | 1.130 | (1.037,1.232) | — | — |
| Hypertension | Binary | 1.118 | (1.066,1.173) | — | — |
| Angina pectoris | Binary | 0.912 | (0.829,1.004) | — | — |
Abbreviations: LCDRAT= Lung cancer Death Risk Assessment Tool; CT= Computed tomography; BMI= Body mass index; HR = Hazard Ratio; CI= Confidence interval; 1y = 1 year.
“—“ indicates that the specified risk factor/parameterization was not included as a covariate.
Represents the rate-ratio observed in the NLST over 5 years of follow-up.
Age is used as the time scale for the overall mortality model.
<12 grade=1, high-school graduate=2, post high-school but no college=3, some College=4, Bachelor’s degree=5, graduate school=6.
Natural logarithm of 1+quit-years
FDR = First-degree relatives (siblings, parents, children) with history of lung cancer.
Definition: No FDRs with lung cancer = 0, 1 FDR with lung cancer = 1, Two or more FDRs with lung cancer = 2.
Have health problems that require use of special equipment, such as a cane, a wheelchair, a special bed, or a special telephone.