Table 2.
Participant demographics, characteristics and behaviors by contraceptive method usea among sexually-active women not desiring pregnancy, Hanoi, Vietnam (N = 489)
| Tier 1 or 2 method, no withdrawal (N = 257) | Tier 3 method, no withdrawal (N = 97) | Withdrawal only or with Tier 3 method (N = 135) | p-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | (%) | No. | (%) | No. | (%) | ||
| Age, mean (standard deviation) | 34.5 | (4.9) | 32.9 | (5.5) | 33.9 | (5.6) | 0.03 |
| Residence | |||||||
| City | 235 | (91.4) | 87 | (89.7) | 120 | (88.9) | 0.69 |
| Town or rural area | 22 | (8.6) | 10 | (10.3) | 15 | (11.1) | |
| Highest level of education completed | |||||||
| Upper secondary or less | 64 | (24.9) | 27 | (28.1) | 29 | (21.5) | 0.51 |
| Higher | 193 | (75.1) | 69 | (71.9) | 106 | (78.5) | |
| Monthly household income | |||||||
| < 15,000,000 Vietnamese dong | 54 | (23.7) | 15 | (17.4) | 26 | (21.0) | 0.48 |
| ≥ 15,000,000 Vietnamese dong | 174 | (76.3) | 71 | (82.6) | 98 | (79.0) | |
| Husband/partner ever refuse to give money for household expenses even if has money | |||||||
| Yes | 18 | (7.0) | 9 | (9.3) | 25 | (18.5) | < 0.01 |
| No or not applicable | 239 | (93.0) | 88 | (90.7) | 110 | (81.5) | |
| Sexual frequency | |||||||
| At least weekly | 215 | (87.4) | 77 | (83.7) | 108 | (82.4) | 0.39 |
| Less than weekly | 31 | (12.6) | 15 | (16.3) | 23 | (17.6) | |
| Health provider has discussed contraception | |||||||
| Yes | 158 | (61.7) | 54 | (56.3) | 72 | (53.3) | 0.25 |
| No | 98 | (38.3) | 42 | (43.8) | 63 | (46.7) | |
| Mother or sister used the IUD or COC | |||||||
| Yes | 193 | (75.4) | 67 | (69.1) | 96 | (71.1) | 0.42 |
| No | 63 | (24.6) | 30 | (30.9) | 39 | (28.9) | |
| Perception of IUD naturalness | |||||||
| Very natural, mostly natural | 154 | (60.9) | 48 | (52.2) | 80 | (60.6) | 0.32 |
| Mostly unnatural, very unnatural | 99 | (39.1) | 44 | (47.8) | 52 | (39.4) | |
| Perception of COC naturalness | |||||||
| Very natural, mostly natural | 155 | (60.6) | 54 | (55.7) | 84 | (64.1) | 0.43 |
| Mostly unnatural, very unnatural | 101 | (39.5) | 43 | (44.3) | 47 | (35.9) | |
| Importance of avoiding pregnancy | |||||||
| Very important, important | 224 | (87.5) | 79 | (83.2) | 104 | (77.0) | 0.03 |
| Neutral/no opinion, not very important | 32 | (12.5) | 16 | (16.8) | 31 | (23.0) | |
| History of forced sex | |||||||
| Yes | 22 | (8.6) | 11 | (11.5) | 20 | (15.0) | 0.15 |
| No | 234 | (91.4) | 85 | (88.5) | 113 | (85.0) | |
COC combination oral contraception, IUD intrauterine device
aPer tier classification by the World Health Organization [15]