Table 4.
Associations between kidney clearances of secretory solutes and slope of eGFR decline
| Solute | Base Modela | Model 1b | Model 2c | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Percentage Difference (95% CI)d | P Value | Percentage Difference (95% CI)d | P Value | Percentage Difference (95% CI)d | P Value | |
| Hippurate | −0.72 (−0.95 to −0.50) | <0.001e | −0.73 (−0.96 to −0.49) | <0.001e | −0.70 (−0.94 to −0.47) | <0.001e |
| Pyridoxic acid | −2.01 (−2.30 to −1.71) | <0.001e | −2.04 (−2.35 to −1.72) | <0.001e | −2.03 (−2.34 to −1.71) | <0.001e |
| Dimethyluric acid | −0.61 (−0.83 to −0.39) | <0.001e | −0.63 (−0.87 to −0.40) | <0.001e | −0.62 (−0.85 to −0.39) | <0.001e |
| Trimethyluric acid | −0.63 (−0.83 to −0.43) | <0.001e | −0.65 (−0.86 to −0.44) | <0.001e | −0.63 (−0.84 to −0.42) | <0.001e |
| Isovalerylglycine | −1.52 (−1.84 to −1.20) | <0.001e | −1.55 (−1.88 to −1.21) | <0.001e | −1.54 (−1.87 to −1.20) | <0.001e |
| Tiglylglycine | −1.52 (−1.81 to −1.22) | <0.001e | −1.51 (−1.51 to −1.20) | <0.001e | −1.50 (−1.81 to −1.19) | <0.001e |
| Kynurenic acid | −2.03 (−2.39 to −1.67) | <0.001e | −2.04 (−2.42 to −1.65) | <0.001e | −2.02 (−2.40 to −1.63) | <0.001e |
| Xanthosine | −0.98 (−1.25 to −0.72) | <0.001e | −1.04 (−1.32 to −0.76) | <0.001e | −1.05 (−1.33 to −0.77) | <0.001e |
| Cinnamoylglycine | −0.84 (−1.07 to −0.61) | <0.001e | −0.84 (−1.08 to −0.59) | <0.001e | −0.83 (−1.07 to −0.58) | <0.001e |
| Indoxyl sulfate | −2.07 (−2.41 to −1.73) | <0.001e | −2.10 (−2.46 to −1.74) | <0.001e | −2.07 (−2.43 to −1.72) | <0.001e |
| p-Cresol sulfate | −1.44 (−1.72 to −1.17) | <0.001e | −1.38 (−1.67 to −1.08) | <0.001e | −1.37 (−1.66 to −1.07) | <0.001e |
| Summary score | −2.64 (−3.05 to −2.23) | <0.001e | −2.70 (−3.13 to −2.27) | <0.001e | −2.67 (−3.1 to −2.24) | <0.001e |
Total n=3075. Results from the linear mixed-effect model. CI, confidence interval; eGFRCRIC, glomerular filtration rate estimated based on serum creatinine and cystatin C concentrations, age, sex, and Black race using an equation that was developed in a subcohort of 1433 CRIC participants who underwent 125-Iothalamate GFR clearance studies.
Base model included log-transformed secretory-solute clearance, time in years, and interaction term between secretory clearance and time as independent variables and log-transformed eGFRCRIC during follow-up as the dependent variable.
Model 1 adjusted for baseline age, race, sex, log-transformed eGFRCRIC, and log-transformed 24-h urinary albumin excretion.
Model 2 additionally adjusted for baseline clinical site, BMI, diabetes, smoking status, systolic BP, any cardiovascular disease, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers.
Additional percentage annual change in eGFRCRIC per 50% lower baseline secretory solutes clearances or per 10-unit lower baseline summary secretion score.
Statistically significant after correction for multiple comparisons using the Hommel method.